调试json格式输出，出现以下错误：

HTTP Status 500 - Servlet.init() for servlet HelloDispatcher threw exception

 

type Exception report

message Servlet.init() for servlet HelloDispatcher threw exception

description The server encountered an internal error that prevented it from fulfilling this request.

exception

javax.servlet.ServletException: Servlet.init() for servlet HelloDispatcher threw exception

	org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)

	org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)

	org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620)

	org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349)

	org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784)

	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)

	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)

	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)

	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)

	java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

root cause

org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 75 in XML document from class path resource [mvc.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 75; columnNumber: 30; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'mvc:annotation-driven' 的声明。

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:399)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)

	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)

	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)

	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)

	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:613)

	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:514)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)

	javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)

	org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)

	org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)

	org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620)

	org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349)

	org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784)

	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)

	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)

	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)

	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)

	java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

root cause

org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 75; columnNumber: 30; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'mvc:annotation-driven' 的声明。

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:203)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:134)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:396)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:327)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:284)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator$XSIErrorReporter.reportError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:452)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.reportSchemaError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:3230)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:1911)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.emptyElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:760)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:351)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2784)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:602)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:112)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:505)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:841)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:770)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:243)

	com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:339)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:76)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadDocument(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:429)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:391)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)

	org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)

	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:125)

	org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:94)

	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)

	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:613)

	org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:514)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:668)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:634)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:682)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:553)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:494)

	org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:138)

	javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:158)

	org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)

	org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)

	org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:620)

	org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349)

	org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:784)

	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)

	org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:802)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1410)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)

	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)

	java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)

	org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)

	java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

其实这个错误是用于配置文件引起的，mvc.xml配置的beans的命名空间有误，原来是这样的：
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool"

       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool

       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tool/spring-tool.xsd">

其实，应该这样配置：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

           xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

           xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"

           xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

           xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context

           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

同时，应该加入以下配置：

    <!--json解析器配置-->

    <!--将字符串转换为json-->

     <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter">

         <property name="messageConverters">

             <list>

                 <bean id="stringConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">

                     <property name="supportedMediaTypes">

                         <list>

                             <!-- 这里顺序不能反，一定先写text/html,不然ie下出现下载提示 -->

                             <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>

                             <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>

                             <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>

                         </list>

                     </property>

                 </bean>

                 <bean id="jsonConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJackson2HttpMessageConverter">

                     <property name="supportedMediaTypes">

                         <list>

                             <!-- 这里顺序不能反，一定先写text/html,不然ie下出现下载提示 -->

                             <value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>

                             <value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>

                             <value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>

                         </list>

                     </property>

                 </bean>

             </list>

         </property>

     </bean>

    <!-- 启动Spring MVC的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->

    <mvc:annotation-driven />

这里的变化是：

  • 添加<mvc:annotation-driven />,否则已经添加的注解，不起作用
  • 其次使用org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter适配器，而不是原先的org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter适配器，大概是从SpringMvc3.1开始改变的

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