HBase 相关API操练(一)：Shell操作

　　 HBase 为用户提供了一个非常方便的使用方式, 我们称之为“HBase Shell”。

HBase Shell 提供了大多数的 HBase 命令, 通过 HBase Shell 用户可以方便地创建、删除及修改表, 还可以向表中添加数据、列出表中的相关信息等。

备注:写错 HBase Shell 命令时用键盘上的“Delete”进行删除,“Backspace”不起作用。

在启动 HBase 之后,用户可以通过下面的命令进入 HBase Shell 之中,命令如下所示:

[hadoop@master hbase]$ bin/hbase shell

-- ::, INFO  [main] Configuration.deprecation: hadoop.native.lib is deprecated. Instead, use io.native.lib.available

HBase Shell; enter 'help<RETURN>' for list of supported commands.

Type "exit<RETURN>" to leave the HBase Shell

Version 0.98.-hadoop2, r1e527e73bc539a04ba0fa4ed3c0a82c7e9dd7d15, Fri Apr  :: PDT 

hbase(main)::>

输入 help 可以看到命令分组。

Group Name	Commands
general	status,version
ddl	alter,create,describe,disable,drop,enable,exists,is_disable,is_enable,list
dml	count,delete,deleteall,get,get_counter,incr,put,scan,truncate
tools	assign,balance_switch,balancer,close_region,compact,flush,major_compact,move,split,unassign,zk_dump
replication	add_peer,disable_peer,enable_peer,remove_peer,start_replication,stop_replication

部分命令清单。

名称	命令表达式
创建表	create '表名称','列名称1','列名称2','列名称N'
添加记录	put '表名','行名','列名','值'
查看记录	get '表名','行名'
查看表中的记录总数	count '表名'
删除记录	delete '表名','行名称','列名称'
删除一张表	第一步 disable'表名称'(先要屏蔽该表，才能对该表进行删除) 第二步 drop '表名称'
查看所有记录	scan '表名称'
查看某个表某个列中的所有数据	scan '表名称',['列名称:']
更新记录	就是重写一遍进行覆盖

下边分组举例 Shell 的各种操作。

general操作

查询 HBase 服务器状态 status。

hbase(main)::> status

-- ::, WARN  [main] util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable

SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hbase-0.98./lib/phoenix-4.8.-HBase-0.98-client.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hbase-0.98./lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.6..jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/app/hadoop-2.6./share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7..jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]

SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.

1 active master, 0 backup masters, 1 servers, 0 dead, 7.0000 average load

查询hbase版本 version

hbase(main)::> version

0.98.19-hadoop2, r1e527e73bc539a04ba0fa4ed3c0a82c7e9dd7d15, Fri Apr  :: PDT

ddl操作

1、创建一个表

hbase(main)::> create 'member','memeber_id','address','info'

 row(s) in 0.5980 seconds

=> Hbase::Table – member

2、列出所有的表

hbase(main)::> list

TABLE

SYSTEM.CATALOG

SYSTEM.FUNCTION

SYSTEM.SEQUENCE

SYSTEM.STATS

member

tvcount

 row(s) in 0.0290 seconds

=> ["SYSTEM.CATALOG", "SYSTEM.FUNCTION", "SYSTEM.SEQUENCE", "SYSTEM.STATS", "member", "tvcount"]

3、获得表的描述

hbase(main)::> describe 'member'

Table member is ENABLED

member

COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION

{NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '

', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}

{NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '',

TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}

{NAME => 'member_id', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS =>

 '', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}

 row(s) in 0.0490 seconds

4、删除一个列族： disable -> alter -> enable

hbase(main)::> disable 'member'

 row(s) in 0.6500 seconds

hbase(main)::> alter 'member',{NAME=>'member_id',METHOD=>'delete'}

Updating all regions with the new schema...

/ regions updated.

Done.

 row(s) in 1.2610 seconds

hbase(main)::> describe 'member'

Table member is DISABLED

member

COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                 

{NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '

', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}                                       

{NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '',

TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}                                          

 row(s) in 0.0370 seconds

hbase(main)::> enable 'member'

 row(s) in 0.6500 seconds

hbase(main)::> describe 'member'

Table member is ENABLED

member

COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                 

{NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '

', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}                                       

{NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '',

TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}                                          

 row(s) in 0.0300 seconds

5、查看表是否存在

hbase(main)::> exists 'member'

true

0 row(s) in 0.0305 seconds

6、判断表是否为‘enable’和‘disable’

hbase(main):018:0> is_enabled 'member'

true

0 row(s) in 0.0200 seconds

hbase(main):021:0> is_disabled 'member'

false 0 row(s) in 0.0210 seconds

7、删除一个表

hbase(main)::> disable 'member'

 row(s) in 0.6500 seconds

hbase(main)::> drop 'member'

 row(s) in 0.2570 seconds

hbase(main)::> list

TABLE

SYSTEM.CATALOG

SYSTEM.FUNCTION

SYSTEM.SEQUENCE

SYSTEM.STATS

tvcount

 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds

=> ["SYSTEM.CATALOG", "SYSTEM.FUNCTION", "SYSTEM.SEQUENCE", "SYSTEM.STATS", "tvcount"]

dml操作

首先新建一个表

hbase(main)::> create 'member','address','info'

 row(s) in 0.1550 seconds

=> Hbase::Table - member

hbase(main)::> describe 'member'

Table member is ENABLED

member

COLUMN FAMILIES DESCRIPTION

{NAME => 'address', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '

', TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}

{NAME => 'info', DATA_BLOCK_ENCODING => 'NONE', BLOOMFILTER => 'ROW', REPLICATION_SCOPE => '', VERSIONS => '', COMPRESSION => 'NONE', MIN_VERSIONS => '',

TTL => 'FOREVER', KEEP_DELETED_CELLS => 'FALSE', BLOCKSIZE => '', IN_MEMORY => 'false', BLOCKCACHE => 'true'}

 row(s) in 0.0370 seconds

　　1、插入几条记录

hbase(main)::> put 'member','zimo','info:age','28'

 row(s) in 0.0750 seconds

hbase(main)::> put 'member','zimo','info:birthday','1994-07-17'

 row(s) in 0.0080 seconds

hbase(main)::> put 'member','zimo','info:company','luoji'

 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds

hbase(main)::> put 'member','zimo','address:country','china'

 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds

hbase(main)::> put 'member','zimo','address:province','beijing'

 row(s) in 0.0060 seconds

hbase(main)::> put 'member','zimo','address:city','beijing'

 row(s) in 0.0050 seconds

put命令比较简单，只有这一种用法：

　　hbase> put ‘t1′, ‘r1′, ‘c1′, ‘value', ts1

　　t1指表名，r1指行键名，c1指列名，value指单元格值。ts1指时间戳，一般都省略掉了。

2、全表扫描 scan

hbase(main)::> scan 'member'

ROW                                      COLUMN+CELL

 zimo                                    column=address:city, timestamp=, value=beijing

 zimo                                    column=address:country, timestamp=, value=china

 zimo                                    column=address:province, timestamp=, value=beijing

 zimo                                    column=info:age, timestamp=, value=

 zimo                                    column=info:birthday, timestamp=, value=--

 zimo                                    column=info:company, timestamp=, value=luoji

 row(s) in 0.0510 seconds

3、获得数据 get

1) 获得一行的所有数据

hbase(main)::> get 'member','zimo'

COLUMN                                   CELL

 address:city                            timestamp=, value=beijing

 address:country                         timestamp=, value=china

 address:province                        timestamp=, value=beijing

 info:age                                timestamp=, value=

 info:birthday                           timestamp=, value=--

 info:company                            timestamp=, value=luoji

 row(s) in 0.0160 seconds

2) 获得某行，某列族的所有数据

hbase(main)::> get 'member','zimo','info'

COLUMN                                   CELL

 info:age                                timestamp=, value=

 info:birthday                           timestamp=, value=--

 info:company                            timestamp=, value=luoji

 row(s) in 0.0130 seconds

3) 获得某行，某列族，某列的所有数据

hbase(main)::> get 'member','zimo','info:company'

COLUMN                                   CELL

 info:company                            timestamp=, value=luoji

 row(s) in 0.0100 seconds

4、更新一条记录 put（把scutshuxue年龄改为99）

hbase(main)::> put 'member','zimo','info:age','24'

 row(s) in 0.0070 seconds

5、删除 delete、 deleteall

1) 删除行'zimo', 列族为‘info' 中age的值

hbase(main)::> delete 'member','zimo','info:age'

 row(s) in 0.0280 seconds

hbase(main)::> get 'member','zimo'

COLUMN                                   CELL                                                                                                               

 address:city                            timestamp=, value=beijing

 address:country                         timestamp=, value=china

 address:province                        timestamp=, value=beijing

 info:birthday                           timestamp=, value=--

 info:company                            timestamp=, value=luoji                                                                                

 row(s) in 0.0180 seconds

2) 删除整行

deleteall 'member', 'zimo'

6、查询表中有多少行

hbase(main)::> count 'member'

 row(s) in 0.0190 seconds

=>

7、将整个表清空

hbase(main)::> truncate 'member'

Truncating 'member' table (it may take a while):

 - Disabling table...

 - Truncating table...

 row(s) in 1.5320 seconds

可以看出，HBase 是通过先对表执行 disable，然后再执行 drop 操作后重建表来实现 truncate 的功能的。

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