MSMQ队列的简单使用

微软消息队列-MicroSoft Message Queue(MSMQ)

使用感受：简单。

一、windows安装MSMQ服务

控制面板->控制面板->所有控制面板项->程序和功能->选中安装

然后可在计算机管理-->服务和应用程序->消息队列查看队列信息

二、C#中使用MSMQ

使用MessageQueue类操作MSMQ，其在System.Messaging命名空间下，需要添加引用

定义的接口

public interface IMessageSender<T> : IDisposable
{
    /// <summary>
    ///     发送消息
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="message">消息对象</param>
    void SendMessage(T message);

    void SendMessages(List<T> message);

    /// <summary>
    ///     发送消息
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="message">消息对象</param>
    /// <param name="label">消息标签</param>
    void SendMessage(T message, string label);
}

接口实现

/// <summary>
///     消息队列对象，由MQueueFactory创建指定路径的队列对象，可发送或批量接收消息。
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T">消息队列存储的消息对象类型</typeparam>
public sealed class MQueue<T> : IDisposable, IMessageSender<T>, IMessageReceiver<T>
{
    public MQueue(MessageQueue mq, string user = "Everyone")
    {
        InnerQueue = mq;
        InnerQueue.Formatter = new XmlMessageFormatter(new[] { typeof(T) });

        InnerQueue.SetPermissions(user ?? "Everyone",
            MessageQueueAccessRights.GenericRead | MessageQueueAccessRights.DeleteMessage |
            MessageQueueAccessRights.DeleteQueue | MessageQueueAccessRights.DeleteJournalMessage);
    }
    #region IMessageSender
    /// <summary>
    ///     内部消息队列对象
    /// </summary>
    private MessageQueue InnerQueue { get; set; }

    /// <summary>
    ///     发送消息
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="message">消息对象</param>
    public void SendMessage(T message)
    {
        InnerQueue.Send(message);
    }

    public void SendMessages(List<T> message)
    {
        foreach (var item in message)
        {
            InnerQueue.Send(item);
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     发送消息
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="message">消息对象</param>
    /// <param name="label">消息标签</param>
    public void SendMessage(T message, string label)
    {
        try
        {
            InnerQueue.Send(message, label);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            var path = InnerQueue.Path;
            InnerQueue = new MessageQueue(path);
        }
    }
    #endregion 

    #region IMessageReceiver
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取队列中所有消息
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">消息类型</typeparam>
    /// <param name="exTarget">异常时触发</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<T> GetAllMessages<T>(MQExceptionTarget exTarget = null)
    {
        return GetMessagesByNum<T>(null, exTarget);
    }
    /// <summary>
    /// 获取队列中指定数量消息
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">消息类型</typeparam>
    /// <param name="num">一次最多取num条数据，默认取所有数据</param>
    /// <param name="exTarget">异常委托</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public List<T> GetMessagesByNum<T>(int? num = null, MQExceptionTarget exTarget = null)
    {
        var list = new List<T>();
        if (num.HasValue && num <= 0)
        {
            return list;
        }
        MessageEnumerator enumerator = InnerQueue.GetMessageEnumerator2();
        while (enumerator.MoveNext())
        {
            Message msg = enumerator.RemoveCurrent();
            enumerator.Reset();
            if (msg != null)
            {
                try
                {
                    list.Add((T)msg.Body);
                    if (num.HasValue && list.Count >= num)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    if (exTarget != null)
                        exTarget(ex);
                }
            }
        }
        return list;
    }
    #endregion

    public void Dispose()
    {
        if (InnerQueue != null)
        {
            InnerQueue.Dispose();
        }
    }
}

建立队列工厂

/// <summary>
///  消息队列工厂，通过指定路径创建或获取相应队列对象
/// </summary>
public class MQueueFactory
{
    /// <summary>
    ///     默认队列路径，在未指定路径的情况下，将创建并返回该路径的消息队列对象
    /// </summary>
    private const string DefaultPath = @".\private$\myQueue";

    /// <summary>
    ///     创建默认路径的消息队列对象
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">消息队列存储的消息对象类型</typeparam>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static MQueue<T> Create<T>()
    {
        return Create<T>(DefaultPath);
    }

    /// <summary>
    ///     创建指定路径的消息队列路径
    /// </summary>
    /// <typeparam name="T">消息队列存储的消息对象类型</typeparam>
    /// <param name="connStr">指定的消息队列链接字符串 def:".\private$\myQueue"</param>
    /// <param name="autoCreate">不存在则创建队列 远程地址不能创建</param>
    /// <param name="user">获得队列额外权限的个人、组或计算机</param>
    /// <param name="cacheKey">web中Cache键值</param>
    /// <returns></returns>
    public static MQueue<T> Create<T>(string connStr=@".\private$\myQueue", bool autoCreate = false, string user = "Everyone", string cacheKey = "MQCache")
    {
        string path = connStr ?? DefaultPath;
        HttpContext httpContext = HttpContext.Current;
        if (autoCreate && !MessageQueue.Exists(path))
        {
            MessageQueue.Create(path);
        }
        var mq = new MessageQueue(path);
        if (httpContext != null)
        {
            string key = "MQueue" + typeof(T).Name + cacheKey;
            if ((httpContext.Cache[key] == null))
            {
                httpContext.Cache[key] = new MQueue<T>(mq);
            }
            return httpContext.Cache[key] as MQueue<T>;
        }
        return new MQueue<T>(mq,user);
    }
}

写入队列

MQueueFactory.Create<string>(@".\private$\myQueue", autoCreate: true).SendMessage("我是写入的数据~~~");

获取消息

MQueueFactory.Create<string>(@".\private$\myQueue").GetAllMessages<string>();