我的实验环境：

- 源数据库A机：

RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4

IP地址：192.168.99.159

db_name=oradb 数据库已正常运行

- 复制数据库B机：

RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4

IP地址：192.168.99.191

db_name=testdb 仅安装了数据库软件

1.为复制数据库做准备

登录到B机，
## 1.1 配置环境变量 ##
```
ORACLE_SID=testdb
ORACLE_BASE=按实际配置
ORACLE_HOME=按实际配置
PATH=按实际配置
```
## 1.2 创建密码文件 ##
```
orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries=20
```
## 1.3 创建初始化参数文件 ##
vi init$ORACLE_SID.ora
```
db_name=testdb
compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
db_create_file_dest='/u01/oradata2'
```
注意：
CONTROL_FILES参数，如果未使用OMF，则需要指定。我这里使用OMF。指定 db_create_file_dest即可。
DB_BLOCK_SIZE参数，大小必须与源库一致，如果源库设置，则也需要指定。我这里不需要。
## 1.4 监听网络配置 ##
因为后续辅助实例启动到nomount模式远程连接，需要配置静态监听。
```
cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
```
配置监听listener.ora
```
sid_list_listener =
(sid_list =
(sid_desc =
(global_dbname=testdb)
(sid_name=testdb)
(oracle_home=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
)
)
```
配置tnsnames.ora
```
A =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.99.159)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = oradb)
)
)

B =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.99.191)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = testdb)

)

)

<h1 id="2">2.启动辅助实例到nomount模式</h1>

登录到B机，

SQL> startup nomount

测试连接：sqlplus sys/oracle@B as sysdba

$ sqlplus sys/oracle@B as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Nov 5 14:33:45 2015

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

<h1 id="3">3.启动源数据库到mount或open</h1>

登录到A机，

SQL> startup

SQL> select status, instance_name from v$instance;

STATUS INSTANCE_NAME

OPEN oradb

SQL> select dbid, open_mode from v$database;

  DBID OPEN_MODE

2647366668 READ WRITE

<h1 id="4">4.运行RMAN DUPLICATE命令</h1>

登录到A机：

$ rman target sys/oracle@A auxiliary sys/oracle@B

RMAN> duplicate target database to testdb from active database;

具体过程如下：

[oracle@JY-DB01 admin]$ rman target sys/oracle@A auxiliary sys/oracle@B

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Nov 5 15:44:57 2015

connected to target database: ORADB (DBID=2647366668)

connected to auxiliary database: TESTDB (not mounted)

RMAN> duplicate target database to testdb from active database;

Starting Duplicate Db at 2015-11-05 15:46:44

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=1 device type=DISK

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "create spfile from memory";

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

contents of Memory Script:

{

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes

Fixed Size 2252016 bytes

Variable Size 180355856 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 5095424 bytes

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "alter system set control_files =

''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqj2_.ctl'' comment=

''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system set db_name =

''ORADB'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system set db_unique_name =

''TESTDB'' comment=

''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone force nomount

backup as copy current controlfile auxiliary format '/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqjc_.ctl';

sql clone "alter system set control_files =

''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqjc_.ctl'' comment=

''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

alter clone database mount;

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqj2_.ctl'' comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''ORADB'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system set db_unique_name = ''TESTDB'' comment= ''Modified by RMAN duplicate'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes

Fixed Size 2252016 bytes

Variable Size 180355856 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 5095424 bytes

Starting backup at 2015-11-05 15:47:29

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=46 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

copying current control file

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_oradb.f tag=TAG20151105T154729 RECID=27 STAMP=894988050

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 2015-11-05 15:47:31

sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/controlfile/o1_mf_c3p2gqjc_.ctl'' comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes

Fixed Size 2252016 bytes

Variable Size 180355856 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 5095424 bytes

database mounted

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for clone datafile 1 to new;

set newname for clone datafile 2 to new;

set newname for clone datafile 3 to new;

set newname for clone datafile 4 to new;

backup as copy reuse

datafile 1 auxiliary format new

datafile 2 auxiliary format new

datafile 3 auxiliary format new

datafile 4 auxiliary format new

;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting backup at 2015-11-05 15:47:57

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/o1_mf_system_c2v0xxm5_.dbf

output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_4uqlgrpe_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c2v0xxp1_.dbf

output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_c2v0xxpb_.dbf

output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/oradata/ORADB/datafile/users01.dbf

output file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf tag=TAG20151105T154757

channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 2015-11-05 15:48:43

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:

{

backup as copy reuse

archivelog like "/u01/oradb_arch1/1_146_894101903.dbf" auxiliary format

"/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf" ;

catalog clone archivelog "/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

Starting backup at 2015-11-05 15:48:44

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log copy

input archived log thread=1 sequence=146 RECID=252 STAMP=894988123

output file name=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf RECID=0 STAMP=0

channel ORA_DISK_1: archived log copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 2015-11-05 15:48:45

cataloged archived log

archived log file name=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf RECID=252 STAMP=894988217

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=27 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_4uqlgrpe_.dbf

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=28 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=29 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=30 STAMP=894988217 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:

{

set until scn 2237265;

recover

clone database

delete archivelog

;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 2015-11-05 15:48:46

allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=24 device type=DISK

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 146 is already on disk as file /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf

archived log file name=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/arch1_146_894101903.dbf thread=1 sequence=146

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 2015-11-05 15:48:49

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes

Fixed Size 2252016 bytes

Variable Size 180355856 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 5095424 bytes

contents of Memory Script:

{

sql clone "alter system set db_name =

''TESTDB'' comment=

''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile";

sql clone "alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile";

shutdown clone immediate;

startup clone nomount;

}

executing Memory Script

sql statement: alter system set db_name = ''TESTDB'' comment= ''Reset to original value by RMAN'' scope=spfile

sql statement: alter system reset db_unique_name scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 238034944 bytes

Fixed Size 2252016 bytes

Variable Size 180355856 bytes

Database Buffers 50331648 bytes

Redo Buffers 5095424 bytes

sql statement: CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE SET DATABASE "TESTDB" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG

MAXLOGFILES 16

MAXLOGMEMBERS 3

MAXDATAFILES 100

MAXINSTANCES 8

MAXLOGHISTORY 292

LOGFILE

GROUP 1 SIZE 50 M ,

GROUP 2 SIZE 50 M ,

GROUP 3 SIZE 50 M

DATAFILE

'/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_system_4uqlgrpe_.dbf'

CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK

contents of Memory Script:

{

set newname for clone tempfile 1 to new;

switch clone tempfile all;

catalog clone datafilecopy "/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf",

"/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf",

"/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf";

switch clone datafile all;

}

executing Memory Script

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf RECID=1 STAMP=894988259

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf RECID=2 STAMP=894988259

cataloged datafile copy

datafile copy file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf RECID=3 STAMP=894988259

datafile 2 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=1 STAMP=894988259 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_4vqlgrq7_.dbf

datafile 3 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=2 STAMP=894988259 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_50qlgrqm_.dbf

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy

input datafile copy RECID=3 STAMP=894988259 file name=/u01/oradata2/TESTDB/datafile/o1_mf_users_51qlgrqp_.dbf

Reenabling controlfile options for auxiliary database

Executing: alter database enable block change tracking

contents of Memory Script:

{

Alter clone database open resetlogs;

}

executing Memory Script

database opened

Finished Duplicate Db at 2015-11-05 15:49:38

RMAN>

<h1 id="5">5.打开辅助实例</h1>

登录到B机，

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Thu Nov 5 16:06:29 2015

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining

and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select status, instance_name from v$instance;

STATUS INSTANCE_NAME

OPEN testdb

SQL> select dbid, open_mode from v$database;

  DBID OPEN_MODE

2678316385 READ WRITE

至此，成功duplicate数据库TESTDB。可以发现使用RMAN DUPLICATE复制的数据库DBID是不同的。

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使用RMAN创建复制数据库

1.为复制数据库做准备

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