English - refer to...和refer to...as

refer to...和refer to...as...本来就是refer的两个固定搭配,这个只能讲讲后两者用法,剩下的就是单独的refer的用法了.

1. refer to sb/sth 指的是/提到/说到/论及/涉及...；参考/参阅...

His name was referred to at the meeting. 他的名字在会议中被提及.

Please refer to the dictionary if you don't know the words. 如果你不认识单词,请查阅字典.

Are you referring to me? 你指/说的是我吗?

2. refer sb/sth to sb/sth 让某人参考/参阅某物；叫某人去某处；把某物托付给某人

For detail, I refer you to the papers I handed to you. 详情请参阅我交给你的文件.

He referred the student to the counselor. 他叫那名学生去找辅导员.

The problem was referred to the committee. 该问题已交付给委员会处理.

3. refer to...as... 将...称为...

California is referred to as the 'Golden State'. 加利福尼亚州被称为“黄金之州”.

What I laughingly refer to as my garden is a corner lot by our postage-stamp size house. 我戏称为花园的地方，是我们家那豆腐块大小的屋子旁边的一个犄角旮旯。

They also refer to as around - like soft. 他们也会如绕指般的温柔.

The people we refer to as Net Worms are addicted to the Internet. 所谓网虫,就是上网上瘾的人.