Linux上软件安装

手动安装

　　以安装SublimeText3为例：

　　首先下载安装包

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ wget https://download.sublimetext.com/sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2

---- ::--  https://download.sublimetext.com/sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2

Resolving download.sublimetext.com... 104.236.0.104

Connecting to download.sublimetext.com|104.236.0.104|:... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response...  OK

Length:  (9.4M) [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: “sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2”

%[==========================================================================>] ,,    113K/s   in 3m 23s  

-- :: (47.5 KB/s) - “sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2” saved [/]

[keysystem@localhost ~]$

　　然后解压该安装包

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ tar jxvf sublime_text_3_build_3143_x64.tar.bz2

sublime_text_3/

sublime_text_3/Packages/

sublime_text_3/Packages/Pascal.sublime-package

sublime_text_3/Packages/Matlab.sublime-package

sublime_text_3/Packages/Go.sublime-package

sublime_text_3/Packages/Graphviz.sublime-package

......

[keysystem@localhost ~]$

　　将该安装包放到一个指定的路径或者隐藏（此步骤不是必须，但文件统一放置是好的习惯，此示例为隐藏安装包）

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ mv sublime_text_3 .sublime_text_3

　　为了方便sublimeText3的使用，给sublimeText3做一个系统命令，在任何地方执行一个命令就可以启动sublimeText3。可以将sublimeText3的可执行文件的目录加入到PATH的环境变量，也可以做一个符号链接。（本示例是做一个符号链接）

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ ln -s ~/.sublime_text_3/sublime_text ~/bin/sublime

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$

　　在任意目录下，执行sublime就可以启动sublimeText3了。

deb安装

　　以GNU软件基金会的hello为例，安装开源软件的三个步骤：

configure
make
make install

　　其中make install需要管理员权限。

　　步骤一，先下载hello的debian包。

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz

---- ::--  http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/hello/hello-2.10.tar.gz

Resolving ftp.gnu.org... 208.118.235.20, :::::b

Connecting to ftp.gnu.org|208.118.235.20|:... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response...  OK

Length:  (709K) [application/x-gzip]

Saving to: “hello-2.10.tar.gz”

%[==========================================================================>] ,      118K/s   in .0s    

-- :: ( KB/s) - “hello-2.10.tar.gz” saved [/]

　　步骤二，解压该压缩包

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$ tar zxvf hello-2.10.tar.gz

hello-2.10/

hello-2.10/COPYING

hello-2.10/tests/

hello-2.10/tests/greeting-

hello-2.10/tests/traditional-

hello-2.10/tests/greeting-

hello-2.10/tests/hello-

hello-2.10/tests/last-

hello-2.10/Makefile.am

hello-2.10/config.in

......

[keysystem@localhost .sublime_text_3]$

　　步骤三，进入到源码包目录执行，安装源码包的三个步骤

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ cd hello-2.10

[keysystem@localhost hello-2.10]$ ./configure

checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c

checking whether build environment is sane... yes

checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p

checking for gawk... gawk

checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes

checking whether make supports nested variables... yes

checking for gcc... gcc

......

[keysystem@localhost hello-2.10]$ make
......

　[keysystem@localhost hello-2.10]$ su
Password:
[root@localhost hello-2.10]# make install

　 ......

[root@localhost hello-2.10]# hello
Hello, world!
[root@localhost hello-2.10]# su
[root@localhost hello-2.10]# su - keysystem
[keysystem@localhost ~]$ hello
Hello, world!

从apt安装（ubuntu）

　　以git安装为例

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ sudo apt-get install git

##或者

[root@localhost keysystem]# apt-get install git

从yum安装（centos）

　　以git安装为例

[keysystem@localhost ~]$ sudo yum install git

##或者

[root@localhost keysystem]# yum install git