Sql Server数据库备份脚本以及如何在阿里云云数据库RDS还原数据库（代码源自阿里云）

今天研究阿里云服务数据库的迁移，备份和还原的时候，在阿里云web后台发现了一个很好用的sql脚本,就默默地偷了过来，它可以支持全量备份，差异备份和日志备份，代码解释也都很清楚，我也尝试着跑了一下，性能也还是蛮不错的，本地电脑运行压缩后1个多G的数据备份用了二十多秒

我们可以将下面代码放到SQL作业里面，然后定期的去做全量和差异的备份，这不免也算是一种不错的数据库备份方案了，当然这种备份功能完全可以用SqlServer自带的数据库维护计划功能代替，而且阿里云等类似的云数据库都是会提供数据备份服务的，不需要开发人员自己做数据备份。

代码如下，如果有用阿里云服务器的码友可以直接到用户后台下载最新源码

USE master
GO

/**
* author:
*    jianming.wjm@alibaba-inc.com of Alibaba Cloud Team.
*
* @purpose:
*    Backup your databases to local directory (no matter destination folder exist or not).
*    You can personal your backup type, support three backup types include(FULL, DIFF, LOG).
*    This script also support just check to see details or run directly.
*
*    if you find something happen unhappy, please kindly tell us via the author email. thanks.
*
* @usage:
*    Copy all the script (ctrl + a) into SSMS, fill out the public variables and then F5 or Execute it.
*
* @parameters:
*    @backup_databases_list: databases list needed to backup
*    @backup_type: which backup type needed, choice one of ['FULL', 'DIFF', 'LOG']
*    @backup_folder: where backup files located
*    @is_run: I want to run or just check, 1: run; 0: just check.
*
* @version:
*    1.0.0, 2018/03/02 15:20: Create script.
*
* @Tips:
*    We'd like to advice you to change your databases to FULL recovery model to improve migrate to RDS.
*    example: ALTER DATABASE [db_simple] SET RECOVERY FULL WITH NO_WAIT
*    pay attention to the SSMS output messages, and correct the error if have any.
**/

SET NOCOUNT ON

-- declare public variables
DECLARE
    @backup_databases_list NVARCHAR(max),
    @backup_type SYSNAME,
    @backup_folder SYSNAME,
    @is_run TINYINT
;

-- YOU HAVE TO INIT PUBLIC VARIABLES HERE!!!!
SELECT
    /**
    * Databases list needed to backup, delimiter is ; or ,
    * empty('') or null: means all databases excluding system database
    * example: '[testdb];TestDR,Test,readonly'
    **/
    @backup_databases_list = N'[TestA];[TestB],readonly,Test',
    @backup_type = N'FULL',                                -- Backup Type? FULL: FULL backup; DIFF: Differential backup; LOG: Log backup
    @backup_folder = N'C:\BACKUP',                        -- Backup folder to store backup files.
    @is_run = 1                                            -- Check or run? 1, run directly; 0, just check
;

-- variables checking
IF @backup_type NOT IN(N'FULL', N'DIFF', N'LOG')
BEGIN
    RAISERROR('Backup type %s is not supported!', 16, 1, @backup_type)
    RETURN
END
;

IF ISNULL(@backup_folder, N'') = N''
BEGIN
    RAISERROR('backup_folder is not allow empty!', 16, 1)
    RETURN
END

IF @is_run NOT IN(0, 1)
BEGIN
    RAISERROR('is_run parameter should be 0 or 1 !', 16, 1)
    RETURN
END

-- declare private variables
DECLARE
    @database_name SYSNAME,
    @database_state TINYINT,
    @database_state_desc NVARCHAR(60),
    @database_count INT,
    @database_do INT,
    @flag_edition BIT,
    @exec_sql NVARCHAR(MAX),
    @timestamp VARCHAR(20),
    @context_info VARCHAR(20),
    @backup_databases_list_XML XML
;

-- private variables init.
SELECT
    @database_name = N'',
    @database_state = 11,
    @database_state_desc = N'',
    @database_count = 0,
    @database_do = 1,
    @flag_edition = CASE
                            WHEN CONVERT(sysname, SERVERPROPERTY(N'Edition')) LIKE N'Enterprise%' THEN 1
                            ELSE 0
                        END,
    @exec_sql = N'',
    @timestamp = REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(19), GETDATE(),120), N'-', N''), N':', N''), CHAR(32), N''),
    @backup_folder = CASE
                        WHEN RIGHT(@backup_folder, 1) = N'\' THEN @backup_folder
                        ELSE @backup_folder + N'\'
                    END,
    @context_info = N'0x1256698449',
    @backup_databases_list_XML =
            N'<V><![CDATA[' +
                REPLACE(
                    REPLACE(
                        REPLACE(
                                REPLACE(
                                        REPLACE(
                                                REPLACE(
                                                        @backup_databases_list, '[', ''
                                                    ), ']', ''
                                            ), ';', ','
                                    ),CHAR(10),']]></V><V><![CDATA['
                                ),',',']]></V><V><![CDATA['
                            ),CHAR(13),']]></V><V><![CDATA['
                    )
                + ']]></V>'
;

-- temp table declare to save databases splitted
IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmp_databases', 'U') IS NOT NULL
    DROP TABLE #tmp_databases
CREATE TABLE #tmp_databases(
    RowId INT IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    Database_name SYSNAME
)
;

-- get databases name
IF ISNULL(@backup_databases_list, N'') > N''
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO #tmp_databases
    SELECT DISTINCT
        [Database_name] = T.C.value('(./text())[1]','sysname')
    FROM @backup_databases_list_XML.nodes('./V') AS T(C)
    WHERE T.C.value('(./text())[1]','sysname') IS NOT NULL
    ;
END
ELSE
BEGIN
    INSERT INTO #tmp_databases
    SELECT DISTINCT name
    FROM sys.databases WITH (NOLOCK)
    WHERE name NOT IN (N'master', N'tempdb', N'model', N'msdb', N'distribution')
END

-- decalre cursor to loop each database.
DECLARE CUR_DatabaseList CURSOR LOCAL STATIC FORWARD_ONLY READ_ONLY
FOR
SELECT DISTINCT name, state, state_desc
FROM sys.databases WITH (NOLOCK)
WHERE name IN(SELECT [Database_name] FROM #tmp_databases)

-- Open cursor and get the rowcount
OPEN CUR_DatabaseList
FETCH NEXT FROM CUR_DatabaseList INTO @database_name, @database_state, @database_state_desc
SET @database_count = @@CURSOR_ROWS;

-- prepare folder on local host.
IF @database_count > 0
BEGIN
    EXEC sys.xp_create_subdir @backup_folder
END

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
    -- contact the backup script for each backup type.
    SET
        @exec_sql =
                    CASE
                        WHEN @backup_type = N'FULL'
                        THEN  N'BACKUP DATABASE ' + QUOTENAME(@database_name)
                            + N' TO DISK = N' + QUOTENAME(@backup_folder + @database_name + N'_' + @backup_type + N'_' + @timestamp + N'.bak', '''')
                            + N' WITH STATS = 1' + CASE
                                                        WHEN @flag_edition = 1 THEN N', COMPRESSION;'
                                                        ELSE N';'
                                                    END
                        WHEN @backup_type = N'DIFF'
                        THEN N'BACKUP DATABASE ' + QUOTENAME(@database_name)
                            + N' TO DISK = N' + QUOTENAME(@backup_folder + @database_name + N'_' + @backup_type + N'_' + @timestamp + N'.bak', '''')
                            + N' WITH DIFFERENTIAL, STATS = 1' + CASE
                                                        WHEN @flag_edition = 1 THEN N', COMPRESSION;'
                                                        ELSE N';'
                                                    END
                        WHEN @backup_type = N'LOG'
                        THEN N'BACKUP LOG ' + QUOTENAME(@database_name)
                            + N' TO DISK = N' + QUOTENAME(@backup_folder + @database_name + N'_' + @backup_type + N'_' + @timestamp + N'.bak', '''')
                            + N' WITH STATS = 1' + CASE
                                                        WHEN @flag_edition = 1 THEN N', COMPRESSION;'
                                                        ELSE N';'
                                                    END
                        ELSE N''
                    END
    ;

    RAISERROR('--==============%d/%d: Working on database: %s', 10, 1, @database_do , @database_count, @database_name) WITH NOWAIT;

    --Only online database can be Backup.
    IF @database_state = 0
    BEGIN
        RAISERROR('-- %s', 10, 1, @exec_sql) WITH NOWAIT;

        IF @is_run = 1
        BEGIN
            SET
                @exec_sql = N'SET CONTEXT_INFO ' + @context_info + N';' + @exec_sql
            ;
            EXEC sys.sp_executesql @exec_sql
        END
    END
    ELSE
    BEGIN
        RAISERROR('-- database %s state: %s can''t be backup, skipped.', 10, 1, @database_name, @database_state_desc) WITH NOWAIT;
    END

    SET @database_do = @database_do + 1;
    FETCH NEXT FROM CUR_DatabaseList INTO @database_name, @database_state, @database_state_desc
END

-- close and release cursor.
CLOSE CUR_DatabaseList
DEALLOCATE CUR_DatabaseList
GO

还有一点需要注意的是阿里云云数据库RDS是不支持数据库直接操作还原的，在云数据库上操作还原数据库会报如下错误

那么我们如何在阿里云数据库还原数据呢？人家阿里云爸爸也提供了相应的解决方案——OSS备份数据恢复,它可以将指定数据库文件还原到云数据库

相关功能可以参考链接 https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/68310.html