MySQL Study之--MySQL用户及权限管理

MySQL Study之--MySQL用户及权限管理

    MySQLserver通过MySQL权限表来控制用户对数据库的訪问。MySQL权限表存放在mysql数据库里。由mysql_install_db脚本初始化。

这些MySQL权限表分别user，db，table_priv。columns_priv和host。以下分别介绍一下这些表的结构和内容：

user权限表：记录同意连接到server的用户帐号信息，里面的权限是全局级的。

db权限表：记录各个帐号在各个数据库上的操作权限。

table_priv权限表：记录数据表级的操作权限。

columns_priv权限表：记录数据列级的操作权限。

host权限表：配合db权限表对给定主机上数据库级操作权限作更仔细的控制。

这个权限表不受GRANT和REVOKE语句的影响。



案例分析：

一、创建用户并授权（root用户)

[root@mysrv ~]# mysql -u root -poracle



mysql> select version()\g

+-------------------------------------------+

| version()                                 |

+-------------------------------------------+

| 5.6.25-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log |

+-------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| prod               |

| test               |

+--------------------+

5 rows in set (0.01 sec)





1、建立tom用户并授权（特权管理用户）



mysql> grant all on prod.* to 'tom'@'%' identified by 'tom' with grant option;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



查看用户创建是否成功：

mysql> select user,host from user ;

+-------+-----------+
| user  | host      |
+-------+-----------+
| tom   | %         |
| root  | 127.0.0.1 |
| root  | ::1       |
|       | localhost |
| root  | localhost |
| scott | localhost |
|       | mysrv     |
| root  | mysrv     |
+-------+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

查看tom用户的授权：

mysql> show grants for tom;

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for tom@%                                                                                   |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'tom'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*71FF744436C7EA1B954F6276121DB5D2BF68FC07' |

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `prod`.* TO 'tom'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION                                    |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+



GRANT 语法: 

GRANT privileges (columns)

    ON what

    TO user IDENTIFIED BY "password"

    WITH GRANT OPTION





权限列表:

ALTER: 改动表和索引。

CREATE: 创建数据库和表。

DELETE: 删除表中已有的记录。

DROP: 抛弃(删除)数据库和表。

INDEX: 创建或抛弃索引。

INSERT: 向表中插入新行。

REFERENCE: 未用。

SELECT: 检索表中的记录。

UPDATE: 改动现存表记录。

FILE: 读或写server上的文件。

PROCESS: 查看server中运行的线程信息或杀死线程。

RELOAD: 重载授权表或清空日志、主机缓存或表缓存。

SHUTDOWN: 关闭server。

ALL: 全部权限。ALL PRIVILEGES同义词。

USAGE: 特殊的 "无权限" 权限。

用 户账户包含 "username" 和 "host" 两部分，后者表示该用户被同意从何地接入。

tom@'%' 表示不论什么地址，默认能够省略。还能够是 "tom@192.168.1.%"、"tom@%.abc.com" 等。数据库格式为 db@table，能够是 "test.*" 或 "*.*"，前者表示 test 数据库的全部表，后者表示全部数据库的全部表。 

子句 "WITH GRANT OPTION" 表示该用户能够为其它用户分配权限。 





2、我们用 root 再创建几个用户。然后由 test 数据库的管理员tom为他们分配权限。



mysql> create user 'tom1' identified by 'tom1' ,'tom2' identified by 'tom2';

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> select user,host from user ;

+-------+-----------+
| user  | host      |
+-------+-----------+
| tom   | %         |
| tom1  | %         |
| tom2  | %         |
| root  | 127.0.0.1 |
| root  | ::1       |
|       | localhost |
| root  | localhost |
| scott | localhost |
|       | mysrv     |
| root  | mysrv     |
+-------+-----------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

root用户退出，tom登陆，并授权用户訪问prod库



[root@mysrv ~]# mysql -u tom -ptom  
 

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'tom'@'localhost' (using password: YES)



tom用户竟不能登陆！

！！



再对tom用户授权：

mysql> grant all on prod.* to 'tom'@'localhost' identified by 'tom' with grant option;;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> show grants for tom;

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for tom@%                                                                                   |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'tom'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*71FF744436C7EA1B954F6276121DB5D2BF68FC07' |

| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `prod`.* TO 'tom'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION                                    |

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> use mysql;

Database changed

mysql> select user,host from user ;

+-------+-----------+
| user  | host      |
+-------+-----------+
| tom   | %         |
| tom1  | %         |
| tom2  | %         |
| root  | 127.0.0.1 |
| root  | ::1       |
|       | localhost |
| root  | localhost |
| scott | localhost |
| tom   | localhost |
|       | mysrv     |
| root  | mysrv     |
+-------+-----------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)

tom登陆：

[root@mysrv ~]# mysql -u tom -ptom prod

mysql> select database();

+------------+

| database() |

+------------+

| prod       |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)



mysql> select current_user();

+----------------+

| current_user() |

+----------------+

| tom@localhost  |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



创建表：



mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_prod |

+----------------+

| t1             |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> create table t2 as select * from t1;

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.15 sec)

Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0



查看表信息：



mysql> desc t2;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| id    | int(11)     | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

| name  | varchar(10) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)



mysql> show create table t2;

+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table                                                                                                              |

+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| t2    | CREATE TABLE `t2` (

  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

  `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.01 sec)



mysql> show create table t2\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

       Table: t2

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t2` (

  `id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

  `name` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> select * from t2;

+------+-------+

| id   | name  |

+------+-------+

|   10 | tom   |

|   20 | jerry |

|   30 | rose  |

+------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)



3、tom用户为tom1，tom2授权

mysql> grant select on prod.* to tom1;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> grant select on prod.* to tom2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)



mysql> grant insert,update on prod.* to tom2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



tom2登陆（从远程登陆）：



C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.8.240 -utom2 -ptom2



mysql> select database();

+------------+

| database() |

+------------+

| NULL       |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> use prod;

Database changed

mysql> select database();

+------------+

| database() |

+------------+

| prod       |

+------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> select current_user();

+----------------+

| current_user() |

+----------------+

| tom2@%         |

+----------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> show grants for tom2;

+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Grants for tom2@%                                                |

+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'tom2'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD <secret> |

| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON `prod`.* TO 'tom2'@'%'           |

+------------------------------------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> show tables;

+----------------+

| Tables_in_prod |

+----------------+

| t1             |

| t2             |

+----------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> select * from t1;

+------+-------+

| id   | name  |

+------+-------+

|   10 | tom   |

|   20 | jerry |

|   30 | rose  |

+------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> select * from t2;

+------+-------+

| id   | name  |

+------+-------+

|   10 | tom   |

|   20 | jerry |

|   30 | rose  |

+------+-------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> insert into t1 values (40,'john');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> commit;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)



mysql> select * from t1;

+------+-------+

| id   | name  |

+------+-------+

|   10 | tom   |

|   20 | jerry |

|   30 | rose  |

|   40 | john  |

+------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> update t1 set name='ellen' where id=40;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0



mysql> select * from t1;

+------+-------+

| id   | name  |

+------+-------+

|   10 | tom   |

|   20 | jerry |

|   30 | rose  |

|   40 | ellen |

+------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)



mysql> delete from t1;

ERROR 1142 (42000): DELETE command denied to user 'tom2'@'192.168.8.254' for tab

le 't1'

mysql> commit;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)



mysql> select * from t1;

+------+-------+

| id   | name  |

+------+-------+

|   10 | tom   |

|   20 | jerry |

|   30 | rose  |

|   40 | ellen |

+------+-------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)





4、回收tom2的update权限：

mysql> revoke update on prod.* from tom2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



tom2再又一次登陆：

C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.8.240 -utom2 -ptom2



mysql> use prod;

Database changed

mysql> update t1 set name='lily' where id=10;

ERROR 1142 (42000): UPDATE command denied to user 'tom2'@'192.168.8.254' for tab

le 't1'

---update失败！

二、改动用户口令：



1、root用户改动普通用户口令

mysql> set password for tom1=password('oracle');

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)



mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



tom1又一次登陆：

C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.8.240 -utom1 -ptom1

Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'tom1'@'192.168.8.254' (using passwor

d: YES)

---旧口令登陆失败！



C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.8.240 -utom1 -poracle

mysql>



2、普通用户改动自己password：

C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.8.240 -utom1 -poracle

mysql> set password=password('tom1');

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



又一次登陆：

C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -h 192.168.8.240 -utom1 -ptom1

mysql>

---新password登陆成功 ！

三、删除用户：

1、回收用户全部权限

mysql> revoke all on prod.* from tom2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)



2、删除用户

mysql> drop user tom2;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)



mysql> select user,host from user;

+-------+-----------+
| user  | host      |
+-------+-----------+
| jerry | %         |
| rose  | %         |
| tom   | %         |
| tom1  | %         |
| root  | 127.0.0.1 |
| root  | ::1       |
|       | localhost |
| jerry | localhost |
| root  | localhost |
| rose  | localhost |
| scott | localhost |
| tom   | localhost |
|       | mysrv     |
| root  | mysrv     |
+-------+-----------+
14 rows in set (0.00 sec)

------- 摘要 -------------------------------------- 



创建用户:

GRANT insert, update ON testdb.* TO user1@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;

CREATE USER user2 IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

分配权限:

GRANT select ON testdb.* TO user2;

查看权限:

SHOW GRANTS FOR user1;

改动password:

SET PASSWORD FOR user1 = PASSWORD('newpwd');

SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpwd');

移除权限:

REVOKE all ON *.* FROM user1; 

删除用户:

DROP USER user1;

数据库列表:

SHOW DATABASES;

数据表列表:

SHOW TABLES;

当前数据库:

SELECT DATABASE();

当前用户:

SELECT USER();

数据表结构:

DESCRIBE table1;

刷新权限:

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;



grant和revoke能够在几个层次上控制訪问权限

1，整个server，使用 grant ALL  和revoke  ALL

2，整个数据库。使用on  database.*

3。特点表，使用on  database.table

4，特定的列

5，特定的存储过程

 

user表中host列的值的意义

%              匹配全部主机

localhost    localhost不会被解析成IP地址，直接通过UNIXsocket连接

127.0.0.1      会通过TCP/IP协议连接，而且仅仅能在本机訪问；

::1                 ::1就是兼容支持ipv6的。表示同ipv4的127.0.0.1

 

grant 普通数据用户，查询、插入、更新、删除 数据库中全部表数据的权利。

grant select on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

grant insert on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

grant update on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

grant delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

或者，用一条 MySQL 命令来替代：

grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

grant 数据库开发者，创建表、索引、视图、存储过程、函数。。。

等权限。

grant 创建、改动、删除 MySQL 数据表结构权限。

grant create on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant alter on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant drop on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 外键权限。

grant references on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 暂时表权限。

grant create temporary tables on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 索引权限。

grant index on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 视图、查看视图源码 权限。

grant create view on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant show view on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 存储过程、函数 权限。

grant create routine on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’; -- now, can show procedure status

grant alter routine on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’; -- now, you can drop a procedure

grant execute on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 普通 DBA 管理某个 MySQL 数据库的权限。

grant all privileges on testdb to dba@’localhost’

当中，keyword “privileges” 能够省略。

grant 高级 DBA 管理 MySQL 中全部数据库的权限。

grant all on *.* to dba@’localhost’

MySQL grant 权限，分别能够作用在多个层次上。

1. grant 作用在整个 MySQL server上：

grant select on *.* to dba@localhost; -- dba 能够查询 MySQL 中全部数据库中的表。

grant all on *.* to dba@localhost; -- dba 能够管理 MySQL 中的全部数据库

2. grant 作用在单个数据库上：

grant select on testdb.* to dba@localhost; -- dba 能够查询 testdb 中的表。

3. grant 作用在单个数据表上：

grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.orders to dba@localhost;

4. grant 作用在表中的列上：

grant select(id, se, rank) on testdb.apache_log to dba@localhost;

5. grant 作用在存储过程、函数上：

grant execute on procedure testdb.pr_add to ’dba’@’localhost’

grant execute on function testdb.fn_add to ’dba’@’localhost’



注意：改动完权限以后 一定要刷新服务。或者重新启动服务。刷新服务用：FLUSH PRIVILEGES。