部署维护docker环境

其实前面已经用salt，安装部署了docker应用环境了，过程中还是遇到了不少问题，所以这里再相对仔细的记录一下，docker手机安装过程应注意的事情 安装过程部分参考了刘天斯大师文档部署

1,安装环境说明

系统环境：centos6.6
服务应用了:  haproxy  confd   etcd   docker

主机名               ip　　　　  服务角色
dockerha-152    　　192.168.36.152    haproxy confd
dockerEtcd-153     192.168.36.153      etcd
dockermain-154    192.168.36.154    docker

2,安装依懒包，关闭冲突的服务

官方文档要求Linux kernel至少3.8以上，且docker只能运行在64位的系统中。由于RHEL6和CentOS6的内核版本为2.6，因此必须要先升级内核。

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget http://www.hop5.in/yum/el6/hop5.repo
yum install kernel-ml-aufs kernel-ml-aufs-devel -y

修改grub的主配置文件/etc/grub.conf，设置default=0，表示第一个title下的内容为默认启动的kernel（一般新安装的内核在第一个位置）。
然后重启，重启系统，这时候你的内核就成功升级了,版本应该在３.８以上了，
uname -r
[root@dockermain-154 shell]# uname -r
3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64

sed -i '/^SELINUX=/c\SELINUX=disabled' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0

在Fedora EPEL源中已经提供了docker-io包，下载安装epel：
rpm -ivh http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
sed -i 's/^mirrorlist=https/mirrorlist=http/' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo

3,安装组件

(1)haproxy confd

dockerha-152上操作

1、haproxy
# yum –y install haproxy  

2、confd
# wget https://github.com/kelseyhightower/confd/releases/download/v0.6.3/confd-0.6.3-linux-amd64
# mv confd /usr/local/bin/confd
# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/confd
# /usr/local/bin/confd -version

(2)etcd

dockerEtcd-153上操作

# mkdir -p /home/install && cd /home/install
# wget https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/v0.4.6/etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# tar -zxvf etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz
# cd etcd-v0.4.6-linux-amd64
# cp etcd* /bin/
# /bin/etcd -version
etcd version 0.4.6

(3)docker

# yum -y install docker-io
# service docker start
# chkconfig docker on

4,docker命令使用

(1)查看帮助

docker COMMAND --help

(2)搜索可用的境像

docker search name 如示例：

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker search centos
NAME                                DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
centos                              The official build of CentOS.                   817       [OK]
ansible/centos7-ansible             Ansible on Centos7                              30                   [OK]
tutum/centos                        Centos image with SSH access. For the root...   13                   [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php       CentOS-6 6.5 x86_64 / Apache / PHP / PHP m...   8                    [OK]
blalor/centos                       Bare-bones base CentOS 6.5 image                8                    [OK]
jprjr/centos-php-fpm                                                                6                    [OK]
steeef/graphite-centos              CentOS 6.x with Graphite and Carbon via ng...   6                    [OK]
tutum/centos-6.4                    DEPRECATED. Use tutum/centos:6.4 instead. ...   5                    [OK]
layerworx/centos                    A general CentOS 6 image with the EPEL6 an...   2                    [OK]
jr42/chef-solo-centos               Official CentOS base images with current c...   1                    [OK]
million12/centos-supervisor         Base CentOS-7 with supervisord launcher, h...   1                    [OK]
internavenue/centos-percona         Centos-based Percona image.                     1                    [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh                  CentOS-6 6.5 x86_64 / EPEL Repo. / OpenSSH...   1                    [OK]
jdeathe/centos-ssh-mysql            CentOS-6 6.5 x86_64 / MySQL. Image include...   1                    [OK]
yajo/centos-epel                    CentOS with EPEL and fully updated              1                    [OK]
nimmis/java-centos                  This is docker images of CentOS 7 with dif...   0                    [OK]
lighthopper/orientdb-centos         A Dockerfile for creating an OrientDB imag...   0                    [OK]
bbrietzke/centos-starter            CentOS 7 with EPEL and SupervisorD              0                    [OK]
tcnksm/centos-node                  Dockerfile for CentOS packaging node            0                    [OK]
insaneworks/centos                  CentOS 6.5 x86_64 + @update                     0                    [OK]
snowyday/centos                     Provide for emacs and Ricty font on X11 en...   0                    [OK]
dmglab/centos                       CentOS with superpowers!                        0                    [OK]
akroh/centos                        Centos 6 container that has been updated w...   0                    [OK]
timhughes/centos                    Centos with systemd installed and running       0                    [OK]
solict/provisionous-puppet-centos   CentOS provisions with Puppet included          0                    [OK]

(3)下载镜像

注意镜像名称要写全，就是用docker search name 搜出来的NAME列的名称。

docker pull name　如示例：
[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker pull jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php
Pulling repository jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php
........
62203f428b1f: Download complete
e1812755a4ca: Download complete
0910edda3736: Download complete
Status: Downloaded newer image for jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest

(4)查看已安装的镜像

[root@dockermain-154 src]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
centos                          latest              dade6cb4530a        10 days ago         210.1 MB
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php   latest              f1a489312a4a        3 months ago        297.7 MB

(5)docker容器中运行命令

docker run命令有两个参数，一个是镜像名，一个是要在镜像中运行的命令。 注意：IMAGE=REPOSITORY[:TAG]，如果IMAGE参数不指定镜像的TAG，默认TAG为latest。
[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php echo 'hello world!'
hello world!

[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php hostname
db7e1d2269fb

(6)列出容器

 查看最近生成的容器：docker ps -l
 查看正在运行的容器：docker ps

 [root@dockermain-154 run]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                  COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
db7e1d2269fb        jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest   "hostname"          27 seconds ago      Exited (0) 26 seconds ago                       adoring_babbage

(7)显示容器标准输出

[root@dockermain-154 run]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                  COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
db7e1d2269fb        jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php:latest   "hostname"          27 seconds ago      Exited (0) 26 seconds ago                       adoring_babbage
[root@dockermain-154 run]# docker logs db7e1d2269fb
db7e1d2269fb

(8)给容器中安装程序或服务

[root@dockermain-154 run]# sudo docker run centos yum install -y httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
..........

Dependency Installed:
  apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7
  apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
  centos-logos.noarch 0:70.0.6-1.el7.centos
  httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-19.el7.centos
  mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7                                                 

Failed:
  httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-19.el7.centos                                            

Complete!

(9)保存对容器中的修改并生成新的镜像

docker commit CONTAINERID [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
REPOSITORY参数可以是新的镜像名字，也可以是旧的镜像名；如果和旧的镜像名和TAG都相同，会覆盖掉旧的镜像。

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker commit bd7cc4f4ac92 centos:httpd
1e0915f3247b86414ebc11fd994fc6abfb590ff3b1ab890949c845ee88b2d9f4
[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                      TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
centos                          httpd               1e0915f3247b        9 seconds ago       320.8 MB
centos                          latest              dade6cb4530a        10 days ago         210.1 MB
jdeathe/centos-ssh-apache-php   latest              f1a489312a4a        3 months ago        297.7 MB

(10)停止正在运行的容器

 

(11)查看容器或镜像详情

下面是我刚保存提交产生的新的容器
[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker inspect 943e45b6e5f3
[{
    "AppArmorProfile": "",
    "Args": [],
    "Config": {
        "AttachStderr": true,
        "AttachStdin": true,
        "AttachStdout": true,
        "Cmd": [
            "/bin/bash"
        ],
        "CpuShares": 0,
        "Cpuset": "",
        "Domainname": "",
        "Entrypoint": null,
        "Env": [
            "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
        ],
        "ExposedPorts": null,
        "Hostname": "943e45b6e5f3",
        "Image": "centos:httpd",
        "MacAddress": "",
        "Memory": 0,
        "MemorySwap": 0,
        "NetworkDisabled": false,
        "OnBuild": null,
        "OpenStdin": true,
        "PortSpecs": null,
        "StdinOnce": true,
        "Tty": true,
        "User": "",
        "Volumes": null,
        "WorkingDir": ""
    },

(12)删除容器

docker rm CONTAINERID
查看所有容器ID：docker ps -a -q
删除所有的容器：docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

(13)删除镜像

docker rmi IMAGE

(14)查看docker的信息，包括Containers和Images数目、kernel版本等

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker info
Containers: 14
Images: 56
Storage Driver: aufs
 Root Dir: /var/lib/docker/aufs
 Dirs: 89
Execution Driver: native-0.2
Kernel Version: 3.10.5-3.el6.x86_64
Operating System: <unknown>
CPUs: 1
Total Memory: 989.6 MiB
Name: dockermain-154
ID: W4PW:W3XR:FQZE:SBAA:2DS2:BM6N:DV5B:ARF2:3SZM:XGST:5ZF7:DFZV
WARNING: No swap limit support

(15)创建容器，并像平常ssh登录一样使用

[root@dockermain-154 ~]# docker run -i -t centos /bin/bash
[root@7c0414d03fe7 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  selinux  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var