Winform应用程序实现通用遮罩层

在WEB上，我们在需要进行大数据或复杂逻辑处理时，由于耗时较长，一般我们会在处理过程中的页面上显示一个半透明的遮罩层，上面放个图标或提示：正在处理中...等字样，这样用户体验就比较好了，然而如果在Winform客户端程序，通常遮罩层的处理就显得不那么简单或不那么好看，而我今天要说明的是，我实现的这个Winform通用遮罩层，却可以实现类似WEB上的遮罩层，既可以透明，而且还可以显示动态图片以及文字，那如何实现的呢，我现在一一讲解。

首先要明确我们要实现的效果：透明+动态图标+文字

透明：这个简单，只需要将窗体的Opacity设为100%以下的值就可以了，这里我采用85%；

动态图标：这个相对复杂一些，因为Winform目前没有现成的支持直接显示动图的控件，但幸好有一个组件ImageAnimator支持逐帧动画,我们只需要将图片绑定到ImageAnimator的Animate方法上（即：ImageAnimator.Animate(m_Image,EventHandler委托);），然后重写窗体的OnPaint即可，具体的代码实现见下面公布的源码。

文字：这个简单，放在一个Label控件即可

还有为了能够让图标与文字在相对的位置（即不论大小）保持居中，我这里采用了一个TableLayoutPanel，分成两行，上行放置Label，并设为居中，下行放置Panel，提供绘制动图的区域。

完整代码实现如下（部份代码参考网络上它人的文章）：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace TEMS
{
    public partial class FrmProcessing : Form
    {
        private static Image m_Image = null;

        private EventHandler evtHandler = null;

        private ParameterizedThreadStart workAction = null;
        private object workActionArg = null;

        private Thread workThread = null;

        public string Message
        {
            get
            {
                return lbMessage.Text;
            }
            set
            {
                lbMessage.Text = value;
            }
        }

        public bool WorkCompleted = false;

        public Exception WorkException
        { get; private set; }

        public void SetWorkAction(ParameterizedThreadStart workAction, object arg)
        {
            this.workAction = workAction;
            this.workActionArg = arg;
        }

        public FrmProcessing(string msg)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.Message = msg;
        }

        protected override  void OnPaint(PaintEventArgs e)
        {
            base.OnPaint(e);

            if (m_Image != null)
            {
                //获得当前gif动画下一步要渲染的帧。
                UpdateImage();

                //将获得的当前gif动画需要渲染的帧显示在界面上的某个位置。
                int x = (int)(panImage.ClientRectangle.Width - m_Image.Width) / ;
                int y = ;
                //e.Graphics.DrawImage(m_Image, new Rectangle(x, y, m_Image.Width, m_Image.Height));
                panImage.CreateGraphics().DrawImage(m_Image, new Rectangle(x, y, m_Image.Width, m_Image.Height));
            }
            if (this.WorkCompleted)
            {
                this.Close();
            }
        }

        private void FrmProcessing_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.Owner != null)
            {
                this.StartPosition = FormStartPosition.Manual;
                this.Location = new Point(this.Owner.Left, this.Owner.Top);
                //MessageBox.Show(string.Format("X={0},Y={1}", this.Owner.Left, this.Owner.Top));
                this.Width = this.Owner.Width;
                this.Height = this.Owner.Height;
            }
            else
            {
                Rectangle screenRect = Screen.PrimaryScreen.WorkingArea;
                this.Location = new Point((screenRect.Width - this.Width) / , (screenRect.Height - this.Height) / );
            }

            //为委托关联一个处理方法
            evtHandler = new EventHandler(OnImageAnimate);

            if (m_Image == null)
            {
                Assembly assy = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly();
                //获取要加载的gif动画文件
                m_Image = Image.FromStream(assy.GetManifestResourceStream(assy.GetName().Name + ".Resources.loading2.gif"));
            }
            //调用开始动画方法
            BeginAnimate();
        }

        //开始动画方法

        private void BeginAnimate()
        {
            if (m_Image != null)
            {
                //当gif动画每隔一定时间后，都会变换一帧，那么就会触发一事件，该方法就是将当前image每变换一帧时，都会调用当前这个委托所关联的方法。
                ImageAnimator.Animate(m_Image, evtHandler);
            }
        }

        //委托所关联的方法

        private void OnImageAnimate(Object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //该方法中，只是使得当前这个winform重绘，然后去调用该winform的OnPaint（）方法进行重绘)
            this.Invalidate();
        }

        //获得当前gif动画的下一步需要渲染的帧，当下一步任何对当前gif动画的操作都是对该帧进行操作)

        private void UpdateImage()
        {
            ImageAnimator.UpdateFrames(m_Image);
        }

        //关闭显示动画，该方法可以在winform关闭时，或者某个按钮的触发事件中进行调用，以停止渲染当前gif动画。

        private void StopAnimate()
        {
            m_Image = null;
            ImageAnimator.StopAnimate(m_Image, evtHandler);
        }

        private void FrmProcessing_Shown(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (this.workAction != null)
            {
                workThread = new Thread(ExecWorkAction);
                workThread.IsBackground = true;
                workThread.Start();
            }
        }

        private void ExecWorkAction()
        {
            try
            {
                var workTask = new Task((arg) =>
                                {
                                    this.workAction(arg);
                                },
                            this.workActionArg);

                workTask.Start();
                Task.WaitAll(workTask);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                this.WorkException = ex;
            }
            finally
            {
                this.WorkCompleted = true;
            }

        }
    }
}

以下是自动生成的代码：

namespace TEMS
{
    partial class FrmProcessing
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.tableLayoutPanel1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TableLayoutPanel();
            this.lbMessage = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();
            this.panImage = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel();
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.SuspendLayout();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            //
            // tableLayoutPanel1
            //
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnCount = ;
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.ColumnStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.ColumnStyle());
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(this.lbMessage, , );
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.Controls.Add(this.panImage, , );
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.Name = "tableLayoutPanel1";
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.RowCount = ;
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.RowStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 50F));
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.RowStyles.Add(new System.Windows.Forms.RowStyle(System.Windows.Forms.SizeType.Percent, 50F));
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.TabIndex = ;
            //
            // lbMessage
            //
            this.lbMessage.BackColor = System.Drawing.Color.Transparent;
            this.lbMessage.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.lbMessage.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("微软雅黑", 14.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)()));
            this.lbMessage.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );
            this.lbMessage.Name = "lbMessage";
            this.lbMessage.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(, , , );
            this.lbMessage.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );
            this.lbMessage.TabIndex = ;
            this.lbMessage.Text = "lbMessage\r\nadsfadsf";
            this.lbMessage.TextAlign = System.Drawing.ContentAlignment.BottomCenter;
            //
            // panImage
            //
            this.panImage.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this.panImage.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(, );
            this.panImage.Name = "panImage";
            this.panImage.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(, );
            this.panImage.TabIndex = ;
            //
            // FrmProcessing
            //
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(6F, 12F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(, );
            this.Controls.Add(this.tableLayoutPanel1);
            this.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.WaitCursor;
            this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.None;
            this.Name = "FrmProcessing";
            this.Opacity = 0.85D;
            this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.Manual;
            this.Text = "FrmProcessing";
            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.FrmProcessing_Load);
            this.Shown += new System.EventHandler(this.FrmProcessing_Shown);
            this.tableLayoutPanel1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.TableLayoutPanel tableLayoutPanel1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Label lbMessage;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Panel panImage;

    }
}

代码中SetWorkAction方法是用来设置异步需要处理的委托方法，在窗体显示出来后（FrmProcessing_Shown），创建新线程，用以处理耗时的逻辑代码段，其中有一个WorkCompleted属性，这个主要是表明处理耗时的逻辑代码已完成（不论是否报错），在窗体重绘时（OnPaint），会持续判断该值是否为true,若为true则关闭当前窗口。

另之所以没重写Panel的OnPaint方法，原因是虽然可以显示动图，但由于局部重绘，造成动图出现闪屏，所以仍需要采用窗体重绘

为了便于通用，我还定义了一个通用方法，专门用来显示遮罩层窗体，方法定义如下：

    public static class Common
    {

        public static void ShowProcessing(string msg, Form owner, ParameterizedThreadStart work, object workArg = null)
        {
            FrmProcessing processingForm = new FrmProcessing(msg);
            dynamic expObj = new ExpandoObject();
            expObj.Form = processingForm;
            expObj.WorkArg = workArg;
            processingForm.SetWorkAction(work, expObj);
            processingForm.ShowDialog(owner);
            if (processingForm.WorkException != null)
            {
                throw processingForm.WorkException;
            }
        }

    }

现在使用就很简单了，如下：

Common.ShowProcessing("正在处理中，请稍候...", this, (obj) =>
{
     //这里写处理耗时的代码，代码处理完成则自动关闭该窗口
},null);

使用效果如下：

大家可以将上述代码直接复制到新建的窗体中，即可立即使用，上述代码若有不足之处，还请大家评论并指出，谢谢！