Fabric-ca server端初始化过程源码分析

本文从Fabric-ca源码入手，简单分析server启动时的过程。Fabric-ca源码可以从github.com下载，本文以v1.4.6为例进行简单分析。

Fabric-ca是有go语言编写的，与C/C++类似，程序都有一个mian()函数，不同的是，go的main函数必须存在于package main中：

// fabric-ca/cmd/fabric-ca-server/main.go

package main

import "os"

var (
	blockingStart = true
)

// The fabric-ca server main
func main() {
	if err := RunMain(os.Args); err != nil {
		os.Exit(1)
	}
}

// RunMain is the fabric-ca server main
func RunMain(args []string) error {
	// Save the os.Args
	saveOsArgs := os.Args
	os.Args = args

	cmdName := ""
	if len(args) > 1 {
		cmdName = args[1]
	}
	scmd := NewCommand(cmdName, blockingStart)

	// Execute the command
	err := scmd.Execute()

	// Restore original os.Args
	os.Args = saveOsArgs

	return err
}

从上述代码中可以看出，程序执行时会调用RunMain()函数，而在RunMain()中调用NewCommand()来生成一个*ServerCmd对象，之后调用该对象的Execute()方法。那么接下来就是分析NewCommand()函数了。

// fabric-ca/cmd/fabric-ca-server/servercmd.go

// ServerCmd encapsulates cobra command that provides command line interface
// for the Fabric CA server and the configuration used by the Fabric CA server
type ServerCmd struct {
	// name of the fabric-ca-server command (init, start, version)
	name string
	// rootCmd is the cobra command
	rootCmd *cobra.Command
	// My viper instance
	myViper *viper.Viper
	// blockingStart indicates whether to block after starting the server or not
	blockingStart bool
	// cfgFileName is the name of the configuration file
	cfgFileName string
	// homeDirectory is the location of the server's home directory
	homeDirectory string
	// serverCfg is the server's configuration
	cfg *lib.ServerConfig
}

// NewCommand returns new ServerCmd ready for running
func NewCommand(name string, blockingStart bool) *ServerCmd {
	s := &ServerCmd{
		name:          name,
		blockingStart: blockingStart,
		myViper:       viper.New(),
	}
	s.init()
	return s
}

可以看到，在NewCommand()函数中只有三个操作：构造一个*ServerCmd的对象、调用它的init()函数，然后返回该对象。

在*ServerCmd.init()函数中：

// fabric-ca/cmd/fabric-ca-server/servercmd.go

// init initializes the ServerCmd instance
// It intializes the cobra root and sub commands and
// registers command flgs with viper
func (s *ServerCmd) init() {
	// root command
	rootCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   cmdName,
		Short: longName,
		PersistentPreRunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
			err := s.configInit()
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			cmd.SilenceUsage = true
			util.CmdRunBegin(s.myViper)
			return nil
		},
	}
	s.rootCmd = rootCmd

	// initCmd represents the server init command
	initCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "init",
		Short: fmt.Sprintf("Initialize the %s", shortName),
		Long:  "Generate the key material needed by the server if it doesn't already exist",
	}
	initCmd.RunE = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
		if len(args) > 0 {
			return errors.Errorf(extraArgsError, args, initCmd.UsageString())
		}
		err := s.getServer().Init(false)
		if err != nil {
			util.Fatal("Initialization failure: %s", err)
		}
		log.Info("Initialization was successful")
		return nil
	}
	s.rootCmd.AddCommand(initCmd)

	// startCmd represents the server start command
	startCmd := &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "start",
		Short: fmt.Sprintf("Start the %s", shortName),
	}

	startCmd.RunE = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
		if len(args) > 0 {
			return errors.Errorf(extraArgsError, args, startCmd.UsageString())
		}
		err := s.getServer().Start()
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		return nil
	}
	s.rootCmd.AddCommand(startCmd)

	var versionCmd = &cobra.Command{
		Use:   "version",
		Short: "Prints Fabric CA Server version",
		Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
			fmt.Print(metadata.GetVersionInfo(cmdName))
		},
	}
	s.rootCmd.AddCommand(versionCmd)
	s.registerFlags()
}

// registerFlags registers command flags with viper
func (s *ServerCmd) registerFlags() {
	// Get the default config file path
	cfg := util.GetDefaultConfigFile(cmdName)

	// All env variables must be prefixed
	s.myViper.SetEnvPrefix(envVarPrefix)
	s.myViper.SetEnvKeyReplacer(strings.NewReplacer(".", "_"))

	// Set specific global flags used by all commands
	pflags := s.rootCmd.PersistentFlags()
	pflags.StringVarP(&s.cfgFileName, "config", "c", "", "Configuration file")
	pflags.MarkHidden("config")
	// Don't want to use the default parameter for StringVarP. Need to be able to identify if home directory was explicitly set
	pflags.StringVarP(&s.homeDirectory, "home", "H", "", fmt.Sprintf("Server's home directory (default \"%s\")", filepath.Dir(cfg)))
	util.FlagString(s.myViper, pflags, "boot", "b", "",
		"The user:pass for bootstrap admin which is required to build default config file")

	// Register flags for all tagged and exported fields in the config
	s.cfg = &lib.ServerConfig{}
	tags := map[string]string{
		"help.csr.cn":           "The common name field of the certificate signing request to a parent fabric-ca-server",
		"help.csr.serialnumber": "The serial number in a certificate signing request to a parent fabric-ca-server",
		"help.csr.hosts":        "A list of comma-separated host names in a certificate signing request to a parent fabric-ca-server",
	}
	err := util.RegisterFlags(s.myViper, pflags, s.cfg, nil)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
	caCfg := &lib.CAConfig{}
	err = util.RegisterFlags(s.myViper, pflags, caCfg, tags)
	if err != nil {
		panic(err)
	}
}

// Configuration file is not required for some commands like version
func (s *ServerCmd) configRequired() bool {
	return s.name != version
}

// getServer returns a lib.Server for the init and start commands
func (s *ServerCmd) getServer() *lib.Server {
	return &lib.Server{
		HomeDir:       s.homeDirectory,
		Config:        s.cfg,
		BlockingStart: s.blockingStart,
		CA: lib.CA{
			Config:         &s.cfg.CAcfg,
			ConfigFilePath: s.cfgFileName,
		},
	}
}

在函数中，首先是创建了一个*cobra.Command的对象，在该对象中的主要有两个操作：执行配置初始化以及util.CmdRunBegin()操作，之后将该对象赋值给s.rootCmd；接下来又创建了三个*cobra.Command对象：initCmd、startCmd和versionCmd，分别是服务初始化命令、启动命令和获取server版本命令，创建完成后将这三个命令使用AddCommand()添加到s.rootCmd，随后执行s.registerFlags()操作。registerFlags()函数中主要是注册一些命令行参数，这里就不细究了。在 initCmd和startCmd中都用到了getServer()函数，该函数返回一个*libServer对象：

// fabric-ca/lib/server.go

// Server is the fabric-ca server
type Server struct {
	// The home directory for the server.
	HomeDir string
	// BlockingStart determines if Start is blocking.
	// It is non-blocking by default.
	BlockingStart bool
	// The server's configuration
	Config *ServerConfig
	// Metrics are the metrics that the server tracks for API calls.
	Metrics servermetrics.Metrics
	// Operations is responsible for the server's operation information.
	Operations operationsServer
	// CA is the default certificate authority for the server.
	CA
	// metrics for database requests
	dbMetrics *db.Metrics
	// mux is used to server API requests
	mux *gmux.Router
	// listener for this server
	listener net.Listener
	// An error which occurs when serving
	serveError error
	// caMap is a list of CAs by name
	caMap map[string]*CA
	// caConfigMap is a list CA configs by filename
	caConfigMap map[string]*CAConfig
	// levels currently supported by the server
	levels *dbutil.Levels
	wait   chan bool
	mutex  sync.Mutex
}

initCmd

在initCmd中，调用了*libServer对象Init()函数，该函数中调用了init()函数来执行server的初始化：

// init initializses the server leaving the DB open
func (s *Server) init(renew bool) (err error) {
	s.Config.Operations.Metrics = s.Config.Metrics
	s.Operations = operations.NewSystem(s.Config.Operations)
	s.initMetrics()

	serverVersion := metadata.GetVersion()
	err = calog.SetLogLevel(s.Config.LogLevel, s.Config.Debug)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	log.Infof("Server Version: %s", serverVersion)
	s.levels, err = metadata.GetLevels(serverVersion)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	log.Infof("Server Levels: %+v", s.levels)

	s.mux = gmux.NewRouter()
	// Initialize the config
	err = s.initConfig()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Initialize the default CA last
	err = s.initDefaultCA(renew)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// Successful initialization
	return nil
}

在init()函数中，首先调用initMetrics()函数来初始化一系列的系统参数，之后是initConfig()来初始化配置，initDefaultCA()来初始化CA信息。

initConfig()函数里面内容很简单，这里就不赘述了。

initDefaultCA()函数中首先调用initCA()来创建一个CA，之后再addCA()到server中。在initCA()中,

// fabric-ca/lib/ca.go

// CA represents a certificate authority which signs, issues and revokes certificates
type CA struct {
	// The home directory for the CA
	HomeDir string
	// The CA's configuration
	Config *CAConfig
	// The file path of the config file
	ConfigFilePath string
	// The database handle used to store certificates and optionally
	// the user registry information, unless LDAP it enabled for the
	// user registry function.
	db db.FabricCADB
	// The crypto service provider (BCCSP)
	csp bccsp.BCCSP
	// The certificate DB accessor
	certDBAccessor *CertDBAccessor
	// The user registry
	registry user.Registry
	// The signer used for enrollment
	enrollSigner signer.Signer
	// Idemix issuer
	issuer idemix.Issuer
	// The options to use in verifying a signature in token-based authentication
	verifyOptions *x509.VerifyOptions
	// The attribute manager
	attrMgr *attrmgr.Mgr
	// The tcert manager for this CA
	tcertMgr *tcert.Mgr
	// The key tree
	keyTree *tcert.KeyTree
	// The server hosting this CA
	server *Server
	// DB levels
	levels *dbutil.Levels
	// CA mutex
	mutex sync.Mutex
}

...

func initCA(ca *CA, homeDir string, config *CAConfig, server *Server, renew bool) error {
	ca.HomeDir = homeDir
	ca.Config = config
	ca.server = server

	err := ca.init(renew)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	log.Debug("Initializing Idemix issuer...")
	ca.issuer = idemix.NewIssuer(ca.Config.CA.Name, ca.HomeDir,
		&ca.Config.Idemix, ca.csp, idemix.NewLib())
	err = ca.issuer.Init(renew, ca.db, ca.levels)
	if err != nil {
		return errors.WithMessage(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to initialize Idemix issuer for CA '%s'", err.Error()))
	}
	return nil
}

调用*CA.init()函数来初始化一个CA服务，之后使用idemix.NewIssuer()实例化一个*CA.issuer对象:

//fabric-ca/lib/server/idemix/issuer.go

type issuer struct {
	name      string
	homeDir   string
	cfg       *Config
	idemixLib Lib
	db        db.FabricCADB
	csp       bccsp.BCCSP
	// The Idemix credential DB accessor
	credDBAccessor CredDBAccessor
	// idemix issuer credential for the CA
	issuerCred IssuerCredential
	// A random number used in generation of Idemix nonces and credentials
	idemixRand    *amcl.RAND
	rc            RevocationAuthority
	nm            NonceManager
	isInitialized bool
	mutex         sync.Mutex
}

// NewIssuer returns an object that implements Issuer interface
func NewIssuer(name, homeDir string, config *Config, csp bccsp.BCCSP, idemixLib Lib) Issuer {
	issuer := issuer{name: name, homeDir: homeDir, cfg: config, csp: csp, idemixLib: idemixLib}
	return &issuer
}

func (i *issuer) Init(renew bool, db db.FabricCADB, levels *dbutil.Levels) error {

	if i.isInitialized {
		return nil
	}

	i.mutex.Lock()
	defer i.mutex.Unlock()

	// After obtaining a lock, check again to see if issuer has been initialized by another thread
	if i.isInitialized {
		return nil
	}

	if db == nil || reflect.ValueOf(db).IsNil() || !db.IsInitialized() {
		log.Debugf("Returning without initializing Idemix issuer for CA '%s' as the database is not initialized", i.Name())
		return nil
	}
	i.db = db
	err := i.cfg.init(i.homeDir)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	err = i.initKeyMaterial(renew)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	i.credDBAccessor = NewCredentialAccessor(i.db, levels.Credential)
	log.Debugf("Intializing revocation authority for issuer '%s'", i.Name())
	i.rc, err = NewRevocationAuthority(i, levels.RAInfo)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	log.Debugf("Intializing nonce manager for issuer '%s'", i.Name())
	i.nm, err = NewNonceManager(i, &wallClock{}, levels.Nonce)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	i.isInitialized = true
	return nil
}

随后调用issuer.Init()函数来初始化idemix证书服务。

startCmd

在startCmd()命令中，调用了*lib.Server.Start()函数：

// fabric-ca/lib/server.go

// Start the fabric-ca server
func (s *Server) Start() (err error) {
	log.Infof("Starting server in home directory: %s", s.HomeDir)

	s.serveError = nil

	if s.listener != nil {
		return errors.New("server is already started")
	}

	// Initialize the server
	err = s.init(false)
	if err != nil {
		err2 := s.closeDB()
		if err2 != nil {
			log.Errorf("Close DB failed: %s", err2)
		}
		return err
	}

	// Register http handlers
	s.registerHandlers()

	log.Debugf("%d CA instance(s) running on server", len(s.caMap))

	// Start operations server
	err = s.startOperationsServer()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	err = s.Operations.RegisterChecker("server", s)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}

	// Start listening and serving
	err = s.listenAndServe()
	if err != nil {
		err2 := s.closeDB()
		if err2 != nil {
			log.Errorf("Close DB failed: %s", err2)
		}
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

其中再次调用了init()函数，但这次参数为false，表明这次不用重新初始化默认的CA服务了。之后调用了registerHandlers()函数，用来注册所有提供服务的终端句柄。接着调用startOperationsServer()来开启服务：

// operationsServer defines the contract required for an operations server
type operationsServer interface {
	metrics.Provider
	Start() error
	Stop() error
	Addr() string
	RegisterChecker(component string, checker healthz.HealthChecker) error
}

func (s *Server) startOperationsServer() error {
	err := s.Operations.Start()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return nil
}

在startOperationsServer()中，使用了operationsServer.Start()，在operationsServer中定义了server提供操作接口。

之后调用了operationsServer.RegisterChecker()接口来检查server的健康状态。随后，调用了*Server.listenAndServe()开始监听和提供服务：

// Starting listening and serving
func (s *Server) listenAndServe() (err error) {

	var listener net.Listener
	var clientAuth tls.ClientAuthType
	var ok bool

	c := s.Config

	// Set default listening address and port
	if c.Address == "" {
		c.Address = DefaultServerAddr
	}
	if c.Port == 0 {
		c.Port = DefaultServerPort
	}
	addr := net.JoinHostPort(c.Address, strconv.Itoa(c.Port))
	var addrStr string

	if c.TLS.Enabled {
		log.Debug("TLS is enabled")
		addrStr = fmt.Sprintf("https://%s", addr)

		// If key file is specified and it does not exist or its corresponding certificate file does not exist
		// then need to return error and not start the server. The TLS key file is specified when the user
		// wants the server to use custom tls key and cert and don't want server to auto generate its own. So,
		// when the key file is specified, it must exist on the file system
		if c.TLS.KeyFile != "" {
			if !util.FileExists(c.TLS.KeyFile) {
				return fmt.Errorf("File specified by 'tls.keyfile' does not exist: %s", c.TLS.KeyFile)
			}
			if !util.FileExists(c.TLS.CertFile) {
				return fmt.Errorf("File specified by 'tls.certfile' does not exist: %s", c.TLS.CertFile)
			}
			log.Debugf("TLS Certificate: %s, TLS Key: %s", c.TLS.CertFile, c.TLS.KeyFile)
		} else if !util.FileExists(c.TLS.CertFile) {
			// TLS key file is not specified, generate TLS key and cert if they are not already generated
			err = s.autoGenerateTLSCertificateKey()
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("Failed to automatically generate TLS certificate and key: %s", err)
			}
		}

		cer, err := util.LoadX509KeyPair(c.TLS.CertFile, c.TLS.KeyFile, s.csp)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}

		if c.TLS.ClientAuth.Type == "" {
			c.TLS.ClientAuth.Type = defaultClientAuth
		}

		log.Debugf("Client authentication type requested: %s", c.TLS.ClientAuth.Type)

		authType := strings.ToLower(c.TLS.ClientAuth.Type)
		if clientAuth, ok = clientAuthTypes[authType]; !ok {
			return errors.New("Invalid client auth type provided")
		}

		var certPool *x509.CertPool
		if authType != defaultClientAuth {
			certPool, err = LoadPEMCertPool(c.TLS.ClientAuth.CertFiles)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		config := &tls.Config{
			Certificates: []tls.Certificate{*cer},
			ClientAuth:   clientAuth,
			ClientCAs:    certPool,
			MinVersion:   tls.VersionTLS12,
			MaxVersion:   tls.VersionTLS12,
			CipherSuites: stls.DefaultCipherSuites,
		}

		listener, err = tls.Listen("tcp", addr, config)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "TLS listen failed for %s", addrStr)
		}
	} else {
		addrStr = fmt.Sprintf("http://%s", addr)
		listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", addr)
		if err != nil {
			return errors.Wrapf(err, "TCP listen failed for %s", addrStr)
		}
	}
	s.listener = listener
	log.Infof("Listening on %s", addrStr)

	err = s.checkAndEnableProfiling()
	if err != nil {
		s.closeListener()
		return errors.WithMessage(err, "TCP listen for profiling failed")
	}

	// Start serving requests, either blocking or non-blocking
	if s.BlockingStart {
		return s.serve()
	}
	s.wait = make(chan bool)
	go s.serve()

	return nil
}

func (s *Server) serve() error {
	listener := s.listener
	if listener == nil {
		// This can happen as follows:
		// 1) listenAndServe above is called with s.BlockingStart set to false
		//    and returns to the caller
		// 2) the caller immediately calls s.Stop, which sets s.listener to nil
		// 3) the go routine runs and calls this function
		// So this prevents the panic which was reported in
		// in https://jira.hyperledger.org/browse/FAB-3100.
		return nil
	}

	s.serveError = http.Serve(listener, s.mux)

	log.Errorf("Server has stopped serving: %s", s.serveError)
	s.closeListener()
	err := s.closeDB()
	if err != nil {
		log.Errorf("Close DB failed: %s", err)
	}
	if s.wait != nil {
		s.wait <- true
	}
	return s.serveError
}

从上面的函数可以看出，Fabric-ca支持TLS服务。

在函数中调用checkAndEnableProfiling()来检查FABRIC_CA_SERVER_PROFILE_PORT是否可用：

// checkAndEnableProfiling checks for FABRIC_CA_SERVER_PROFILE_PORT env variable
// if it is set, starts listening for profiling requests at the port specified
// by the environment variable
func (s *Server) checkAndEnableProfiling() error {
	// Start listening for profile requests
	pport := os.Getenv(fabricCAServerProfilePort)
	if pport != "" {
		iport, err := strconv.Atoi(pport)
		if err != nil || iport < 0 {
			log.Warningf("Profile port specified by the %s environment variable is not a valid port, not enabling profiling",
				fabricCAServerProfilePort)
		} else {
			addr := net.JoinHostPort(s.Config.Address, pport)
			listener, err1 := net.Listen("tcp", addr)
			log.Infof("Profiling enabled; listening for profile requests on port %s", pport)
			if err1 != nil {
				return err1
			}
			go func() {
				log.Debugf("Profiling enabled; waiting for profile requests on port %s", pport)
				err := http.Serve(listener, nil)
				log.Errorf("Stopped serving for profiling requests on port %s: %s", pport, err)
			}()
		}
	}
	return nil
}

最后调用server()，启动服务。

至此，Fabric-ca server端的启动过程就完成了。当然，文章中省略了很多细节，比如服务的初始化过程、默认CA的生成过程、idemix的issuer证书生成过程等等，这些过程就需要各位自行了解了。