（转）解决 ORA-12514: TNS: 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求的服务

下面操作默认在安装Oralce数据库的服务器上运行。

1）确保Oracle 基本服务都已启动

OracleDBConsoleorcl

OracleOraDb11g_home1TNSListener

OracleServiceORCL

2）打开命令行，使用 sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl 命令登录 oracle ，显示如下：

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl

SQL*Plus: Release  Production on 星期五 12月  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ERROR:
ORA-: TNS: 无监听程序

在ORA-: TNS: 无监听程序 错误下，无论是否在本地登录都是会提示ORA-: TNS: 无监听程序错误的

3）在命令行中，执行lsnrctl status

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl status

LSNRCTL -bit Windows: Version  - Production on -12月- ::

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR -bit Windows: Version  - Production
启动日期                  -12月- ::
正常运行时间               天  小时  分  秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件         C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\EXTPROC1521ipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)))
服务摘要..
服务  个实例。
  实例  个处理程序...
服务  个实例。
  实例  个处理程序...
服务  个实例。
  实例  个处理程序...
命令执行成功

在这里可以看到监听程序参数文件的位置

4）修改监听程序参数文件

初次打开时，内容如下

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =localhost)(PORT = ))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2

修改为：

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = orcl)
      (ORACLE_HOME = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1)
      #(PROGRAM = extproc)
      (ENVS = "EXTPROC_DLLS=ONLY:C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\bin\oraclr11.dll")
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = orcl))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2

SID_NAME，KEY 的值修改为要访问的oracle实例的名称，HOST 修为 oracle 服务器使用的地址

5）重启listener,在命令行中依次执行 lsnrctl stop，lsnrctl start

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL -bit Windows: Version  - Production on -12月- ::

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=orcl)))
TNS-: TNS: 无监听程序
 TNS-: TNS: 协议适配器错误
  TNS-: 无监听程序
   -bit Windows Error: : No such file or directory
正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=)))
命令执行成功

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL -bit Windows: Version  - Production on -12月- ::

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

启动tnslsnr: 请稍候...

TNSLSNR -bit Windows: Version  - Production
系统参数文件为C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
写入c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)))

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=orcl)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR -bit Windows: Version  - Production
启动日期                  -12月- ::
正常运行时间               天  小时  分  秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件         C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)))
服务摘要..
服务  个实例。
  实例  个处理程序...
命令执行成功

6）查看状态 lsnrctl start

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL -bit Windows: Version  - Production on -12月- ::

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

启动tnslsnr: 请稍候...

TNSLSNR -bit Windows: Version  - Production
系统参数文件为C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
写入c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml的日志信息
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
监听: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)))

正在连接到 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=orcl)))
LISTENER 的 STATUS
------------------------
别名                      LISTENER
版本                      TNSLSNR -bit Windows: Version  - Production
启动日期                  -12月- ::
正常运行时间               天  小时  分  秒
跟踪级别                  off
安全性                    ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
监听程序参数文件         C:\Program_Files\Oracle\DataBase_11G_R2\product\\dbhome_1\network\admin\listener.ora
监听程序日志文件          c:\program_files\oracle\database_11g_r2\diag\tnslsnr\dbserver-7ec4a9\listener\alert\log.xml
监听端点概要...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(PIPENAME=\\.\pipe\orclipc)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)))
服务摘要..
服务  个实例。
  实例  个处理程序...
命令执行成功

7）再次登录 sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl

C:\Documents and Settings\Administrator>sqlplus nokia_user/oracle@202.206.0.233/orcl

SQL*Plus: Release  Production on 星期五 12月  :: 

Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

连接到:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release  - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL>

出现上面信息说明登录成功