nginx下搭建fastcgi的开发环境

　　在上一章最简单理解CGI,FastCGI,WSGI  我们将fastcgi规范类比HTTP。下面我们通过一个案例更加明白fastcgi

　　我们使用的是 nginx作为前端 代理,我们包装了gevent_fastcgi FastCGIServer 作为我们的FastCGI Server。

　　nginx配置:

 #user  nobody;
 worker_processes  1;

 #error_log  logs/error.log;
 #error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
 #error_log  logs/error.log  info;

 #pid        logs/nginx.pid;

 events {
     worker_connections  1024;
 }

 http {
     include       mime.types;
     default_type  application/octet-stream;

     #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
     #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
     #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

     #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

     sendfile        on;
     #tcp_nopush     on;

     #keepalive_timeout  0;
     keepalive_timeout  65;

     #gzip  on;

     server {
         listen       80;
         server_name  localhost;

         #charset koi8-r;

         #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

         location / {
             root   html;
             index  index.html index.htm;
         }
         # 所有以.py结尾的都发送到localhost:9000进行处理
         location ~\.py{
             fastcgi_pass   localhost:9000;
             fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
             fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
             fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
             fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
             fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
             fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
             fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
             fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
             fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
             fastcgi_param  HTTPS              $https if_not_empty;
             fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
             fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx/$nginx_version;
             fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
             fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
             fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
             fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
             fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
         }

         #error_page  404              /404.html;

         # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
         #
         error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
         location = /50x.html {
             root   html;
         }

         # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
         #
         #location ~ \.php$ {
         #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
         #}

         # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
         #
         #location ~ \.php$ {
         #    root           html;
         #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
         #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
         #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
         #    include        fastcgi_params;
         #}

         # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
         # concurs with nginx's one
         #
         #location ~ /\.ht {
         #    deny  all;
         #}
     }

     # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
     #
     #server {
     #    listen       8000;
     #    listen       somename:8080;
     #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

     #    location / {
     #        root   html;
     #        index  index.html index.htm;
     #    }
     #}

     # HTTPS server
     #
     #server {
     #    listen       443;
     #    server_name  localhost;

     #    ssl                  on;
     #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
     #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

     #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

     #    ssl_protocols  SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1;
     #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
     #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers   on;

     #    location / {
     #        root   html;
     #        index  index.html index.htm;
     #    }
     #}

 }

　　　　下面在贴出 FasctCGI Server端的代码:

 from gevent_fastcgi.server import FastCGIServer
 from gevent_fastcgi.wsgi import WSGIRequestHandler

 def wsgi_app(environ, start_response):
     print 'Request from ', environ['HTTP_USER_AGENT']
     start_response('200 OK', [('Content-type', 'text/html')])
     yield '<html><head><title>test fastcgi</title></head><body>'
     yield '<table border="2">'
     for k, v in environ.items():
         yield '<tr><td>%s</td><td>%s</td></tr>'%(k, v)
     yield '</table>'
     yield '</body></html>'

 request_handler = WSGIRequestHandler(wsgi_app)
 server = FastCGIServer(('127.0.0.1', 9000), request_handler, num_workers=4)
 server.serve_forever()

　　　　使用了生成器的方式,性能比较高。

　　　　上面的代码该一下(改成WSGIServer)马上就能切换成 WSGI Server了，我们按照WSGI的规范进行扩展一下，就是一个支持WSGI Web框架了。现在应该很清楚CGI,FastCGI,WSGI技术了吧,只要把这些技术弄明白了,我们就能随意组合HTTP Server 和 运用服务器(FastCGI Server,WSGI Server等)。

　　　　分别运行nginx和运行上面的脚本程序.

　　　　输入任何以.py结尾的请求,将会输出一张 FastCGI的环境变量的表。例如: localhost/script/test.py

　　下面汇总一下CGI,FastCGI,WSGI相关的技术文章

　  CGI    粗谈CGI

　  FastCGI http://www.fastcgi.com/drupal/node/6?q=node/15

　  WSGI    http://wsgi.readthedocs.org/en/latest/index.html

　 以及他们之间的关系   Python Web初学解惑之 WSGI、flup、fastcgi、web.py的关系

　 其实看源码和这些协议的白皮书是最好的,如果还有不明白的可以留言。关于这CGI,FastCGI,WSGI以及相关知识,我研究了一个星期, 都是直接看这些 协议 的标准说明书,也研究了很多实现了这些协议 的服务器，当然基本都是Python源码。所以大家有什么困惑可以互相交流一下。