09 Django组件之用户认证组件

没有学习Django认证组件之前使用装饰器方法

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect

from app01.MyForms import EmpForm

from app01 import models

# Create your views here.

def login_required(func):

    def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):

        if request.session.get("is_login"):

            ret = func(request, *args, **kwargs)

            return ret

        else:

            path = request.path

            print(path)

            return redirect("/login/?next=%s" % path)

    return inner

def login(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        form = EmpForm(request.POST)

        if form.is_valid():

            print(1111,form.cleaned_data)

            emp_obj = models.Emp.objects.filter(name=form.cleaned_data.get('name'),

                                      age=form.cleaned_data.get('age'),

                                      salary=form.cleaned_data.get('salary')).first()

            if emp_obj:

                request.session['is_login'] = True

                path = request.GET.get('next') or "/index/"

                return redirect(path)

        else:

            clear_errors = form.errors.get("__all__")  # 获取全局钩子错误信息

            return render(request, "login.html", {"form": form, "clear_errors": clear_errors})

    else:

        form = EmpForm()

        return render(request, "login.html", {"form": form})

@login_required

def index(request):

    return HttpResponse("这是主页。。。")

@login_required

def order(request):

    return HttpResponse("这是订单。。。")

def logout(request):

    request.session.flush()

    return redirect("/login/")

app01/views.py

from django import forms

from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError  #导包  from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

from app01 import models

class EmpForm(forms.Form):

    name = forms.CharField(min_length=5, label="姓名", error_messages={"required": "该字段不能为空!",

                                                                     "min_length": "用户名太短。"})

    age = forms.IntegerField(label="年龄")

    salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="工资")

    r_salary = forms.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2, label="请确认工资")

    # 局部钩子

    def clean_name(self):  # 名称不能随便起，必须要clean_类属性名称

        val = self.cleaned_data.get("name")

        if val.isdigit():

            raise ValidationError("用户名不能全是数字。")

        # elif models.Emp.objects.filter(name=val):

        #     raise ValidationError("用户名已存在。")

        else:

            return val

    def clean(self):

        salary = self.cleaned_data.get("salary")

        r_salary = self.cleaned_data.get("r_salary")

        if salary != r_salary:

            raise ValidationError("工资输入有误。")

        else:

            return self.cleaned_data

app01/MyForms.py

from django.db import models

class Emp(models.Model):

    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    age = models.IntegerField()

    salary = models.DecimalField(max_digits=8, decimal_places=2)

app01/models.py

from django.contrib import admin

from django.urls import path

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [

    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),

    path('login/', views.login),

    path('index/', views.index),

    path('order/', views.order),

    path('logout/', views.logout),

]

urls.py

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<form action="" method="post" novalidate>

    {% csrf_token %}

    <div>

        <label for="id_{{ form.name.name }}">姓名</label>

        {{ form.name }} <span>{{ form.name.errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="id_{{ form.age.name }}">年龄</label>

        {{ form.age }} <span>{{ form.age.errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="id_salary">工资</label>

        {{ form.salary }} <span>{{ form.salary.errors.0 }}{{ clear_errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <div>

        <label for="id_r_salary">请再输入工资</label>

        {{ form.r_salary }} <span>{{ form.r_salary.errors.0 }}{{ clear_errors.0 }}</span>

    </div>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

<a href="/logout/">注销</a>

</body>

</html>

一、auth模块

1	`from` `django.contrib` `import` `auth`

django.contrib.auth中提供了许多方法，这里主要介绍其中的三个：

1.1 、authenticate()

提供了用户认证，即验证用户名以及密码是否正确,一般需要username password两个关键字参数

如果认证信息有效，会返回一个 User 对象。authenticate()会在User 对象上设置一个属性标识那种认证后端认证了该用户，且该信息在后面的登录过程中是需要的。当我们试图登陆一个从数据库中直接取出来不经过authenticate()的User对象会报错的！！

1	`user` `=` `authenticate(username='someone',password='somepassword')`

1.2 、login(HttpRequest, user)　　

该函数接受一个HttpRequest对象，以及一个认证了的User对象

此函数使用django的session框架给某个已认证的用户附加上session id等信息。

from django.contrib.auth import authenticate, login

def my_view(request):

username = request.POST['username']

password = request.POST['password']

user = authenticate(username=username, password=password)

if user is not None:

login(request, user)

# Redirect to a success page.

...

else:

# Return an 'invalid login' error message.

...

1.3 、logout(request) 注销用户　　

from django.contrib.auth import logout

def logout_view(request):

logout(request)

# Redirect to a success page.

该函数接受一个HttpRequest对象，无返回值。当调用该函数时，当前请求的session信息会全部清除。该用户即使没有登录，使用该函数也不会报错。

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="en">

<head>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">

    <title>Title</title>

</head>

<body>

<h3>用户登录</h3>

<form action="" method="post">

    {% csrf_token %}

    <p>用户名：<input type="text" name="user"></p>

    <p>密码：<input type="password" name="pwd"></p>

    <input type="submit">

</form>

<a href="/auth_logout/">注销</a>

</body>

</html>

login1.html--auth模块使用

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect

from app01.MyForms import EmpForm

from app01 import models

from django.contrib import auth

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required  #auth自带的装饰器

# Create your views here.

@login_required

def index(request):

    return HttpResponse("这是主页。。。")

@login_required

def order(request):

    return HttpResponse("这是订单。。。")

def logout(request):

    request.session.flush()

    return redirect("/login/")

def auth_login(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        user = request.POST.get("user")

        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")

        user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=user, password=pwd)  # 过滤合法用户。有则返回该对象，无，返回None

        print(user_obj, type(user_obj))

        print(user_obj)

        # print(user_obj.username)

        # print(user_obj.email)

        if user_obj:

            auth.login(request, user_obj)

            # 1.设置session值，

            # 2.request.user = user_obj.user

            #settings.py 中的中间件：from django.contrib.auth.middleware import AuthenticationMiddleware  里面process_request方法  得到auth传递的request.user = user_obj.user

            path = request.GET.get('next') or "/index/"

            return redirect(path)

    return render(request,"login1.html")

def auth_logout(request):

    auth.logout(request)  # 1.清除session信息  2.把request.user 重新赋值为匿名用户。

    return redirect("/auth_login/")

#python manager.py createsuperuser创建用户

app01/views.py--auth模块使用

# from django.conf import global_settings

# from django.conf import settings

LOGIN_URL = '/auth_login/'

settings配置LOGIN_URL 修改模块的全局配置

二、User对象

User 对象属性：username， password（必填项）password用哈希算法保存到数据库

2.1 、user对象的 is_authenticated()

如果是真正的 User 对象，返回值恒为 True 。用于检查用户是否已经通过了认证。
通过认证并不意味着用户拥有任何权限，甚至也不检查该用户是否处于激活状态，这只是表明用户成功的通过了认证。这个方法很重要, 在后台用request.user.is_authenticated()判断用户是否已经登录，如果true则可以向前台展示request.user.name

要求：

1 用户登陆后才能访问某些页面，

2 如果用户没有登录就访问该页面的话直接跳到登录页面

3 用户在跳转的登陆界面中完成登陆后，自动访问跳转到之前访问的地址

方法1:

def my_view(request):

if not request.user.is_authenticated():

return redirect('%s?next=%s' % (settings.LOGIN_URL, request.path))

方法2:

django已经为我们设计好了一个用于此种情况的装饰器：login_requierd()

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required

@login_required

def my_view(request):

...

若用户没有登录，则会跳转到django默认的登录URL '/accounts/login/ ' (这个值可以在settings文件中通过LOGIN_URL进行修改)。并传递当前访问url的绝对路径 (登陆成功后，会重定向到该路径)。

2.2 、创建用户

使用 create_user 辅助函数创建用户:

1 2	`from` `django.contrib.auth.models` `import` `User` `user` `=` `User.objects.create_user（username='',password='',email=''）`

2.3 、check_password(passwd)

1	`用户需要修改密码的时候首先要让他输入原来的密码，如果给定的字符串通过了密码检查，返回` `True`

2.4 、修改密码

使用 set_password() 来修改密码

user = User.objects.get(username='')

user.set_password(password='')

user.save　

2.5 、简单示例

注册：

def sign_up(request):

state = None

if request.method == 'POST':

password = request.POST.get('password', '')

repeat_password = request.POST.get('repeat_password', '')

email=request.POST.get('email', '')

username = request.POST.get('username', '')

if User.objects.filter(username=username):

state = 'user_exist'

else:

new_user = User.objects.create_user(username=username, password=password,email=email)

new_user.save()

return redirect('/book/')

content = {

'state': state,

'user': None,

}

return render(request, 'sign_up.html', content)　　

修改密码

@login_required

def set_password(request):

user = request.user

state = None

if request.method == 'POST':

old_password = request.POST.get('old_password', '')

new_password = request.POST.get('new_password', '')

repeat_password = request.POST.get('repeat_password', '')

if user.check_password(old_password):

if not new_password:

state = 'empty'

elif new_password != repeat_password:

state = 'repeat_error'

else:

user.set_password(new_password)

user.save()

return redirect("/log_in/")

else:

state = 'password_error'

content = {

'user': user,

'state': state,

}

return render(request, 'set_password.html', content)

from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse, redirect

from app01.MyForms import EmpForm

from app01 import models

from django.contrib import auth

from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required  #auth自带的装饰器

# Create your views here.

from django.contrib.auth.models import User

# @login_required

@login_required

def index(request):

    user = "alexjsdsb"

    pwd = "dsb945"

    # User.objects.create(username=user, password=pwd)  # 常规清空下，这样创建用户。密码不安全。明文。

    # user_obj = User.objects.create_user(username=user, password=pwd)  # 创建普通用户

    user_obj = User.objects.create_superuser(username=user, password=pwd, email="alex@163.com")  # 创建超级用户。

    print(1111, user_obj)

    return HttpResponse("这是主页。。。")

# @login_required

@login_required

def order(request):

    return HttpResponse("这是订单。。。")

def logout(request):

    request.session.flush()

    return redirect("/login/")

def auth_login(request):

    if request.method == "POST":

        user = request.POST.get("user")

        pwd = request.POST.get("pwd")

        user_obj = auth.authenticate(username=user, password=pwd)  # 过滤合法用户。有则返回该对象，无，返回None

        print(user_obj, type(user_obj))

        print(user_obj)

        # print(user_obj.username)

        # print(user_obj.email)

        if user_obj:

            auth.login(request, user_obj)  # 1.设置session值，request.user = user_obj

            path = request.GET.get('next') or "/index/"

            return redirect(path)

    return render(request,"login1.html")

def auth_logout(request):

    auth.logout(request)  # 1.清楚session信息  2.把request.user 重新赋值为匿名用户。

    return redirect("/auth_login/")

app01/views.py小栗子其它的文件跟auth模块使用一样