要知道的DbProviderFactory

了解DbProviderFactory

　　前不久想使用下EF的通用单表增删改的特性，当时使用控制台做测试，怎么弄都没成功，原因出在app.config中，反而在mvc项目中，就没有任何问题。在反复的更改配置的过程中，发现了DbProviderFactory这个类，好奇打开看看其定义。

    // 摘要:
    //     表示一组方法，这些方法用于创建提供程序对数据源类的实现的实例。
    public abstract class DbProviderFactory
    {
        // 摘要:
        //     初始化 System.Data.Common.DbProviderFactory 类的新实例。
        protected DbProviderFactory();

        // 摘要:
        //     指定特定的 System.Data.Common.DbProviderFactory 是否支持 System.Data.Common.DbDataSourceEnumerator
        //     类。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     如果 System.Data.Common.DbProviderFactory 的实例支持 System.Data.Common.DbDataSourceEnumerator
        //     类，则为 true；否则为 false。
        public virtual bool CanCreateDataSourceEnumerator { get; }

        // 摘要:
        //     返回实现 System.Data.Common.DbCommand 类的提供程序的类的一个新实例。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     System.Data.Common.DbCommand 的新实例。
        public virtual DbCommand CreateCommand();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     返回实现 System.Data.Common.DbCommandBuilder 类的提供程序的类的一个新实例。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     System.Data.Common.DbCommandBuilder 的新实例。
        public virtual DbCommandBuilder CreateCommandBuilder();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     返回实现 System.Data.Common.DbConnection 类的提供程序的类的一个新实例。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     System.Data.Common.DbConnection 的新实例。
        public virtual DbConnection CreateConnection();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     返回实现 System.Data.Common.DbConnectionStringBuilder 类的提供程序的类的一个新实例。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     System.Data.Common.DbConnectionStringBuilder 的新实例。
        public virtual DbConnectionStringBuilder CreateConnectionStringBuilder();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     返回实现 System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter 类的提供程序的类的一个新实例。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     System.Data.Common.DbDataAdapter 的新实例。
        public virtual DbDataAdapter CreateDataAdapter();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     返回实现 System.Data.Common.DbDataSourceEnumerator 类的提供程序的类的一个新实例。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     System.Data.Common.DbDataSourceEnumerator 的新实例。
        public virtual DbDataSourceEnumerator CreateDataSourceEnumerator();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     返回实现 System.Data.Common.DbParameter 类的提供程序的类的一个新实例。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     System.Data.Common.DbParameter 的新实例。
        public virtual DbParameter CreateParameter();
        //
        // 摘要:
        //     返回提供程序的类的新实例，该实例可实现提供程序的 System.Security.CodeAccessPermission 类的版本。
        //
        // 参数:
        //   state:
        //     System.Security.Permissions.PermissionState 值之一。
        //
        // 返回结果:
        //     指定 System.Security.Permissions.PermissionState 的 System.Security.CodeAccessPermission
        //     对象。
        public virtual CodeAccessPermission CreatePermission(PermissionState state);
    }

　　数据库5大对象全了。我想是不是可以通过它来构建出更抽象的数据库访问。后来查询相关资料，并阅读了 PetaPoco 这个微型Orm的源代码，发现其也是使用DbProviderFactory 来创建数据库连接等对象的。

　　反观自己在最初学习SQLServer，Oracle,Sqlite时，分别封装了SqlHelp，OracleHelp，SqliteHelp等简化数据库的操作，当时还洋洋自得，现在看来很是无语，代码几乎是一致的，无非是使用的Connection、Command、Adapter、Parameter 等对象的不同，如果使用DbProviderFactory来隔绝具体的实例，是不是可以把这3个数据库Help类封装成一个通用的DbHelp呢？

DbProviderFactory 导入外部的Provider

　　初步测试是可以的，不过在通过config文件载入DbProviderFactory时遇到点问题，花费了好一会。过程就不说了，如使用Oracle官网的dll，正确的配置是这样：

<system.data>
<DbProviderFactories>

 <add name="OracleClientFactory" invariant="OracleClientFactory" description="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory"
              type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory,Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.121.1.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />

</DbProviderFactories>
</system.data>

　　其中要注意的，是 invariant 和 type 属性。

　　invariant: 可以通过这个属性值获取到对应DbProviderFactory类型。如，DbProviderFactories.GetFactory("OracleClientFactory") ;

　　type:类名(含命名空间),程序集名称,程序集信息。

　　我们经常可以在web.config文件中看到类似的type信息，但如果是自己拓展，或者刚刚从Oracle官网上下载的组件呢，该如何得到这些信息。使用Reflector就可以轻松看到，以前一直用Reflector，但从没关注过这一块。

　　　　

　　　　另外通过 DbProviderFactories.GetFactoryClasses(); 可以查看到所有被安装的Provider 哦，通过配置文件导入的也会在其中显示。

  <system.data>
    <DbProviderFactories>
      <add name="SQLiteFactory" invariant="SQLiteFactory"
           description="xxxxxxx"
                   type="System.Data.SQLite.SQLiteFactory,System.Data.SQLite" />
    </DbProviderFactories>
  </system.data>

检测配置是否成功 var sqlite = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory("SQLiteFactory");

SQLite配置

改善自己的DbHelp类

　　数据库操作无非是执行查询与非查询，在与之相关的方法上，封装的没有任何问题。但是在原来的Oracle和Sqlite封装类中，支持分页。如传递普通的查询sql语句会自动生成分页sql呢。其中Oracle 是使用ROWNUM这个来分页，并没有使用ROW_NUMBER()这个分析函数，而Sqlite 则使用limit 关键字，分页更简单。唯独SQLServer，从2000 到 2012，有3种分页方式，这个处理起来有些麻烦。

　　在借鉴了Patacoco通过正则拆分SQL，最终拼接出分页的SQL语句的相关代码。具体生成分页语句的思路,则请看 模仿Orm生成分页SQL 。

　　测试代码下载

　　代码有点长，展开请注意。

    public partial class DbHelp
    {
        enum DBType
        {
            SqlServer2000,
            SqlServer,
            Oracle,
            SQLite
        }

        #region 成员定义
        private DbProviderFactory dbProvider;//数据库Provider
        private DBType dbType;//数据库类型
        private char pSymbol = '@';//参数符号

        private DbConnection conn;//连接对象
        private string connectionString;//连接字符串
        private DbTransaction tran;//事务对象

        private IList parameterList = new List<DbParameter>();//过程参数列表
        private bool hasOutput = false;//是否包含输出参数
        private Dictionary<string, object> dicPara = new Dictionary<string, object>();//输出参数列表
        #endregion

        #region 构造方法，实例化连接字符串

        /// <summary>
        /// 读取WebConfig链接字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="connectionName">ConnectionString配置名</param>
        public DbHelp(string connectionName = "")
        {
            //默认使用ConnectionString第一项
            var config = string.IsNullOrEmpty(connectionName) ?
                ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[] :
                ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[connectionName];
            dbProvider = DbProviderFactories.GetFactory(config.ProviderName);
            connectionString = config.ConnectionString;
            CommonConstruct(config.ProviderName);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 有参构造，实例化连接字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="provider">DbProvider</param>
        /// <param name="connectionString">连接字符串</param>
        public DbHelp(DbProviderFactory provider, string connectionString)
        {
            this.dbProvider = provider;
            this.connectionString = connectionString;
            CommonConstruct(provider.GetType().Name);
        }

        private void CommonConstruct(string _dbtype = "")
        {
            // Try using type name first (more reliable)
            if (_dbtype.StartsWith("Oracle")) dbType = DBType.Oracle;
            else if (_dbtype.StartsWith("SQLite")) dbType = DBType.SQLite;
            else if (_dbtype.StartsWith("System.Data.SqlClient")) dbType = DBType.SqlServer;
            // else try with provider name
            else if (_dbtype.IndexOf("Oracle", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) >= ) dbType = DBType.Oracle;
            else if (_dbtype.IndexOf("SQLite", StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) >= ) dbType = DBType.SQLite;

            if (dbType == DBType.Oracle)
                pSymbol = ':';
            else
                pSymbol = '@';
        }
        #endregion

        #region 实现接口IDisposable
        /// <释放资源接口>
        /// 实现接口IDisposable
        /// </释放资源接口>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (conn != null)
            {
                if (conn.State == ConnectionState.Open)//判断数据库连接池是否打开
                {
                    conn.Close();
                }

                if (parameterList.Count > )//判断参数列表是否清空
                {
                    parameterList.Clear();
                }
                conn.Dispose();//释放连接池资源
                GC.SuppressFinalize(this);//垃圾回收
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 执行SQL或存储过程 并返回影响的行数
        /// <summary>
        /// 执行SQL，并返回影响的行数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int ExecuteNonQuery(string sql)
        {
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sql))
            {
                return ExecuteNonQuery(cmd);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行存储过程，并返回影响的行数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="storeProcedureName">存储过程名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public int ExecuteProceudre(string storeProcedureName)
        {
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(storeProcedureName, CommandType.StoredProcedure))
            {
                return ExecuteNonQuery(cmd);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 执行SQL或者存储过程，并返回DataTable
        /// <summary>
        /// 执行SQL语句并返回DataTable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ExecuteSql(string sql)
        {
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sql))
            {
                return Execute(cmd);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行存储过程并返回DataTable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="storeProcedureName">存储过程名</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ExecuteProc(string storeProcedureName)
        {
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(storeProcedureName, CommandType.StoredProcedure))
            {
                return Execute(cmd);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 执行SQL或存储过程并返回DbDataReader
        /// <summary>
        /// 执行SQL语句并返回DbDataReader
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns>返回DbDataReader</returns>
        public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql)
        {
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sql))
            {
                return ExecuteReader(cmd);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行存储过程并返回DbDataReader
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="storeProcedureName">存储过程名</param>
        /// <returns>返回DbDataReader</returns>
        public DbDataReader ExecuteProcReader(string storeProcedureName)
        {
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(storeProcedureName, CommandType.StoredProcedure))
            {
                return ExecuteReader(cmd);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 执行统计
        /// <summary>
        /// 执行SQL语句 返回首行首列的值,一般用于统计
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns>查询结果首行首列的值转换为整形，转换失败则返回-1</returns>
        public int Count(string sql)
        {
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sql))
            {
                return ExecuteScalar(cmd);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 测试连接是否成功
        /// <summary>
        /// 测试连接是否成功
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public bool HasConnection
        {
            get
            {
                try
                {
                    conn = new SqlConnection(connectionString);
                    conn.Open();
                    return true;
                }
                catch
                {
                    return false;
                }
                finally
                {
                    conn.Close();
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 索引器访问
        public object this[string name]
        {
            set
            {
                this[name, DbType.Object, ParameterDirection.Input] = value;
            }
            get
            {
                object obj;
                if (dicPara.TryGetValue(name, out obj))
                {
                    return obj;
                }
                return null;
            }
        }

        public object this[string name, DbType dbtype]
        {
            set
            {
                this[name, dbtype, ParameterDirection.Input] = value;
            }
        }

        public object this[string name, DbType dbType, ParameterDirection direction]
        {
            set
            {
                if (name[] != pSymbol) name = pSymbol + name;

                var para = dbProvider.CreateParameter();
                if (dbType != DbType.Object)
                    para.DbType = dbType;
                para.ParameterName = name;
                para.Value = value == null ? DBNull.Value : value;
                parameterList.Add(para);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 命令相关处理
        /// <summary>
        /// 创建DbCommand
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmdText">命名文本</param>
        /// <param name="cmdType">命名类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private DbCommand CreateCommand(string cmdText, CommandType cmdType = CommandType.Text)
        {
            //创建数据库连接对象
            if (conn == null || conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
            {
                conn = dbProvider.CreateConnection();
                conn.ConnectionString = connectionString;
                conn.Open();//打开数据库连接池
            }

            //创建Command命令
            var cmd = conn.CreateCommand();
            cmd.Connection = conn;
            cmd.CommandType = cmdType;
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(cmdText))
                cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
            if (tran != null) cmd.Transaction = tran;
            cmd.CommandTimeout = ;

            //加载过程参数
            LoadParamter(cmd);
            return cmd;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建过程参数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="name">参数名</param>
        /// <param name="value">参数值</param>
        /// <param name="t">参数值类型</param>
        /// <param name="pDirection">参数类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private DbParameter CreateParameter(string name, object value, DbType t = DbType.Object, ParameterDirection pDirection = ParameterDirection.Input)
        {
            var para = dbProvider.CreateParameter();
            if (t != DbType.Object) para.DbType = t;
            para.Direction = pDirection;
            if (name[] == pSymbol)
            {
                para.ParameterName = name;
            }
            else
            {
                para.ParameterName = pSymbol + name;
            }
            para.Value = value;
            return para;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行Command 并返回影响的行数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private int ExecuteNonQuery(DbCommand cmd)
        {
            try
            {
                return cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                conn.Close();
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (tran == null) Dispose();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行Command 并返回影响的行数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private int ExecuteScalar(DbCommand cmd)
        {
            try
            {
                var ret = cmd.ExecuteScalar().ToString();
                int i;
                if (!int.TryParse(ret, out i))
                {
                    throw new Exception("can't parse it to int,the value is " + ret);
                }
                return i;
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                conn.Close();
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (tran == null) Dispose();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行Command 并返回DataTable
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private DataTable Execute(DbCommand cmd)
        {
            try
            {
                using (var adapter = dbProvider.CreateDataAdapter())//创建适配器
                {
                    adapter.SelectCommand = cmd;
                    adapter.SelectCommand.CommandTimeout = ;
                    var dt = new DataTable();
                    adapter.Fill(dt);
                    return dt;//返回结果集
                }
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                conn.Close();
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (tran == null) Dispose();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行Command 并返回DbDataReader
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd">命令</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private DbDataReader ExecuteReader(DbCommand cmd)
        {
            try
            {
                return cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                conn.Close();
                throw;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (tran == null) Dispose();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 加载输出参数至字典中 仅当执行非查询时才调用
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="Parameters"></param>
        private void InitDic(DbParameterCollection Parameters)
        {
            if (hasOutput)
            {
                dicPara.Clear();
                foreach (DbParameter Para in Parameters)
                {
                    if (Para.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input)
                    {
                        dicPara.Add(Para.ParameterName, Para.Value);
                    }
                }
                hasOutput = false;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 加载过程参数输入至Commond中
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd"></param>
        private void LoadParamter(DbCommand cmd)
        {
            if (parameterList.Count != )
            {
                foreach (DbParameter Para in parameterList)
                {
                    if (!hasOutput && Para.Direction != ParameterDirection.Input)
                    {
                        hasOutput = true;
                    }
                    cmd.Parameters.Add(Para);
                }
                parameterList.Clear();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 将参数化Sql转换成纯Sql，便于调试
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strSql">SQL语句</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string getSqlOnly(DbCommand cmd)
        {
            var sql = cmd.CommandText;
            foreach (DbParameter para in cmd.Parameters)
            {
                if (para.DbType == DbType.Int16 || para.DbType == DbType.Int32 || para.DbType == DbType.Int64 || para.DbType == DbType.UInt16 || para.DbType == DbType.UInt32 || para.DbType == DbType.UInt64 || para.DbType == DbType.Decimal || para.DbType == DbType.Double || para.DbType == DbType.Single)
                {
                    sql = sql.Replace(para.ParameterName, para.Value.ToString());
                }
                else if (pSymbol == '@' || para.DbType == DbType.AnsiString || para.DbType == DbType.String || para.DbType == DbType.StringFixedLength)
                {
                    sql = sql.Replace(para.ParameterName, "'" + para.Value.ToString() + "'");
                }
                else if (pSymbol == ':' || para.DbType == DbType.DateTime || para.DbType == DbType.DateTime2 || para.DbType == DbType.DateTimeOffset)
                {
                    //排除未知的时间类型
                    DateTime time;
                    if (DateTime.TryParse(para.Value.ToString(), out time))
                    {
                        sql = sql.Replace(para.ParameterName, "to_date('" + time.ToString() + "','yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss')");
                    }
                }
            }
            return sql;
        }
        #endregion

        #region 分页查询
        /// <summary>
        /// 对指定Sql语句查询的结果集进行分页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">sql语句</param>
        /// <param name="start">结果集起始行号，不包括此行</param>
        /// <param name="limit">取出的行数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ExecuteSql(string sql, int start, int limit)
        {
            string[] sqls;
            var pageParms = CreatePageSql(sql, out sqls, start, limit);
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sqls[]))
            {
                cmd.Parameters.AddRange(pageParms);
                return Execute(cmd);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 对指定Sql语句查询的结果集进行分页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">sql语句</param>
        /// <param name="start">结果集起始行号，不包括此行</param>
        /// <param name="limit">取出的行数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, int start, int limit)
        {
            string[] sqls;
            var pageParms = CreatePageSql(sql, out sqls, start, limit);
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sqls[]))
            {
                cmd.Parameters.AddRange(pageParms);
                return ExecuteReader(cmd);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 对指定Sql语句查询的结果集进行分页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">sql语句</param>
        /// <param name="start">结果集起始行号，不包括此行</param>
        /// <param name="limit">取出的行数</param>
        /// <param name="count">输出总行数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DataTable ExecuteSql(string sql, int start, int limit, out int count)
        {
            //查看是否已经使用事务,若没有使用事务，这里必须使用事务执行
            var alreadyUserTran = tran != null;
            if (!alreadyUserTran)
                BeginTransation();

            string[] sqls;
            var pageParms = CreatePageSql(sql, out sqls, start, limit, true);
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sqls[]))
            {
                count = ExecuteScalar(cmd);

                //加载逆序分页 并返回过程参数
                var pageReverse = CreatePageSqlReverse(sql, ref sqls, start, limit, count);
                if (pageReverse != null)
                    cmd.Parameters.AddRange(pageParms);
                else
                    cmd.Parameters.AddRange(pageParms);

                cmd.CommandText = sqls[];
                var dt = Execute(cmd);

                //如果事先已开启事务，则不在此处提交事务，应由用户调用时手动提交，否则自动提交方法
                if (!alreadyUserTran)
                    tran.Commit();

                return dt;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 对指定Sql语句查询的结果集进行分页
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql">sql语句</param>
        /// <param name="start">结果集起始行号，不包括此行</param>
        /// <param name="limit">取出的行数</param>
        /// <param name="count">输出总行数</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public DbDataReader ExecuteReader(string sql, int start, int limit, out int count)
        {
            //查看是否已经使用事务,若没有使用事务，这里必须使用事务执行
            var alreadyUserTran = tran != null;
            if (!alreadyUserTran)
                BeginTransation();

            string[] sqls;
            var pageParms = CreatePageSql(sql, out sqls, start, limit, true);
            using (var cmd = CreateCommand(sqls[]))
            {
                count = ExecuteScalar(cmd);

                //加载逆序分页 并返回过程参数
                var pageReverse = CreatePageSqlReverse(sql, ref sqls, start, limit, count);
                if (pageReverse != null)
                    cmd.Parameters.AddRange(pageParms);
                else
                    cmd.Parameters.AddRange(pageParms);

                cmd.CommandText = sqls[];
                return ExecuteReader(cmd);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 开启事务
        /// <summary>
        /// 开启事务
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public void BeginTransation()
        {
            //创建数据库连接对象
            if (conn == null || conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
            {
                conn = dbProvider.CreateConnection();
                conn.ConnectionString = connectionString;
                conn.Open();//打开数据库连接池
            }
            tran = conn.BeginTransaction();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 提交事务
        /// </summary>
        public void Commit()
        {
            if (tran != null)
            {
                tran.Commit();
                tran.Dispose();
                tran = null;
                Dispose();
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 回滚事务
        /// </summary>
        public void Rollback()
        {
            if (tran != null)
            {
                tran.Rollback();
                tran.Dispose();
                tran = null;
                Dispose();
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region 生成 分页SQL语句
        /// <summary>
        /// 匹配移除Select后的sql
        /// </summary>
        private Regex rxColumns = new Regex(@"\A\s*SELECT\s+((?:\((?>\((?<depth>)|\)(?<-depth>)|.?)*(?(depth)(?!))\)|.)*?)(?<!,\s+)\bFROM\b", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Multiline | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.Compiled);
        /// <summary>
        /// 匹配SQL语句中Order By字段
        /// </summary>
        private Regex rxOrderBy = new Regex(@"\b(?<ordersql>ORDER\s+BY\s+(?:\((?>\((?<depth>)|\)(?<-depth>)|.?)*(?(depth)(?!))\)|[\w\(\)\.])+)(?:\s+(?<order>ASC|DESC))?(?:\s*,\s*(?:\((?>\((?<depth>)|\)(?<-depth>)|.?)*(?(depth)(?!))\)|[\w\(\)\.])+(?:\s+(?:ASC|DESC))?)*", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Multiline | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.Compiled);
        /// <summary>
        /// 匹配SQL语句中Distinct
        /// </summary>
        private Regex rxDistinct = new Regex(@"\ADISTINCT\s", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Multiline | RegexOptions.Singleline | RegexOptions.Compiled);
        /// <summary>
        /// 分析Sql语句 输出分析数组 信息依次为:
        /// 0.countsql
        /// 1.pageSql(保留位置此处不做分析)
        /// 2.移除了select的sql
        /// 3.order by 字段 desc
        /// 4.order by 字段
        /// 5.desc
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private string[] SplitSqlForPaging(string sql)
        {
            var sqlInfo = new string[];
            // Extract the columns from "SELECT <whatever> FROM"
            var m = rxColumns.Match(sql);
            if (!m.Success)
                return null;

            // Save column list and replace with COUNT(*)
            Group g = m.Groups[];
            sqlInfo[] = sql.Substring(g.Index);

            if (rxDistinct.IsMatch(sqlInfo[]))
                sqlInfo[] = sql.Substring(, g.Index) + "COUNT(" + m.Groups[].ToString().Trim() + ") " + sql.Substring(g.Index + g.Length);
            else
                sqlInfo[] = sql.Substring(, g.Index) + "COUNT(*) " + sql.Substring(g.Index + g.Length);

            // Look for an "ORDER BY <whatever>" clause
            m = rxOrderBy.Match(sqlInfo[]);
            if (!m.Success)
            {
                sqlInfo[] = null;
            }
            else
            {
                g = m.Groups[];
                sqlInfo[] = g.ToString();
                //统计的SQL 移除order
                sqlInfo[] = sqlInfo[].Substring(, g.Index) + sqlInfo[].Substring(g.Index + g.Length);
                //存储排序信息
                sqlInfo[] = m.Groups["ordersql"].Value;//order by xxx
                sqlInfo[] = m.Groups["order"].Value;//desc 

                //select部分 移除order
                sqlInfo[] = sqlInfo[].Replace(sqlInfo[], string.Empty);
            }

            return sqlInfo;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 生成逆序分页Sql语句
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql"></param>
        /// <param name="sqls"></param>
        /// <param name="start"></param>
        /// <param name="limit"></param>
        /// <param name="total"></param>
        private DbParameter[] CreatePageSqlReverse(string sql, ref string[] sqls, int start, int limit, int total = )
        {
            //如果总行数不多或分页的条数位于前半部分，没必要逆序分页
            if (total <  || start <= total / )
            {
                return null;
            }

            //sql正则分析过后的数组有5个值，若未分析，此处分析
            if (sqls == null || sqls.Length == )
            {
                sqls = SplitSqlForPaging(sql);
                if (sqls == null)
                {
                    //无法解析的SQL语句
                    throw new Exception("can't parse sql to pagesql ,the sql is " + sql);
                }
            }

            //如果未定义排序规则，则无需做逆序分页计算
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(sqls[]))
            {
                return null;
            }

            //逆序分页检查
            string sqlOrder = sqls[];
            int end = start + limit;

            //获取逆序排序的sql
            string sqlOrderChange = string.Compare(sqls[], "desc", true) ==  ?
                string.Format("{0} ASC ", sqls[]) :
                string.Format("{0} DESC ", sqls[]);

            /*理论
             * total:10000 start:9980 limit:10
             * 则 end:9990 分页条件为 RN >= 9980+1 and RN <= 9990
             * 逆序调整后
             * start = total - start = 20
             * end = total - end + 1 = 11
             * 交换start和end，分页条件为 RN >= 11 and RN<= 20
             */
            //重新计算start和end
            start = total - start;
            end = total - end + ;
            //交换start end
            start = start + end;
            end = start - end;
            start = start - end;

            //定义分页SQL
            var pageSql = new StringBuilder();

            if (dbType == DBType.SqlServer2000)
            {
                pageSql.AppendFormat("SELECT TOP @PageLimit * FROM ( SELECT TOP @PageEnd {0} {1} ) ", sqls[], sqlOrderChange);
            }
            else if (dbType == DBType.SqlServer)
            {
                //组织分页SQL语句
                pageSql.AppendFormat("SELECT PageTab.* FROM ( SELECT TOP @PageEnd ROW_NUMBER() over ({0}) RN , {1}  ) PageTab ",
                    sqlOrderChange,
                    sqls[]);

                //如果查询不是第一页，则需要判断起始行号
                if (start > )
                {
                    pageSql.Append("Where RN >= :PageStart ");
                }
            }
            else if (dbType == DBType.Oracle)
            {
                pageSql.AppendFormat("SELECT ROWNUM RN,  PageTab.* FROM  ( Select {0} {1} ) PageTab  where ROWNUM <= :PageEnd ", sqls[], sqlOrderChange);

                //如果查询不是第一页，则需要判断起始行号
                if (start > )
                {
                    pageSql.Insert(, "SELECT * FROM ( ");
                    pageSql.Append(" ) ");
                    pageSql.Append(" WHERE RN>= :PageStart ");
                }
            }
            else if (dbType == DBType.SQLite)
            {
                pageSql.AppendFormat("SELECT * FROM ( SELECT {0} {1} limit  @PageStart,@PageLimit ) PageTab ", sqls[], sqlOrderChange);
            }

            //恢复排序
            pageSql.Append(sqlOrder);

            //存储生成的分页SQL语句
            sqls[] = pageSql.ToString();

            //临时测试
            //sqls[1] = sqls[1].Replace("@", "").Replace(":", "").Replace("PageStart", start + "").Replace("PageEnd", end + "").Replace("PageLimit", limit + "");

            //组织过程参数
            DbParameter[] paras = null;
            if (dbType == DBType.SqlServer2000 || dbType == DBType.SQLite)
            {
                paras = new DbParameter[];
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageLimit", limit);
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageEnd", end);
            }
            else if (start > )
            {
                paras = new DbParameter[];
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageStart", start);
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageEnd", end);
            }
            else
            {
                paras = new DbParameter[] { CreateParameter("@PageEnd", end) };
            }

            return paras;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 生成常规Sql语句
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sql"></param>
        /// <param name="sqls"></param>
        /// <param name="start"></param>
        /// <param name="limit"></param>
        /// <param name="createCount"></param>
        private DbParameter[] CreatePageSql(string sql, out string[] sqls, int start, int limit, bool createCount = false)
        {
            //需要输出的sql数组
            sqls = null;

            //生成count的SQL语句 SqlServer生成分页，必须通过正则拆分
            if (createCount || dbType == DBType.SqlServer || dbType == DBType.SqlServer2000)
            {
                sqls = SplitSqlForPaging(sql);
                if (sqls == null)
                {
                    //无法解析的SQL语句
                    throw new Exception("can't parse sql to pagesql ,the sql is " + sql);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                sqls = new string[];
            }

            //组织分页SQL语句
            var pageSql = new StringBuilder();

            //构建分页参数
            var end = start + limit;
            start++;

            if (dbType == DBType.SqlServer2000)
            {
                pageSql.AppendFormat("SELECT TOP @PageEnd {0} {1}", sqls[], sqls[]);

                if (start > )
                {
                    var orderChange = string.IsNullOrEmpty(sqls[]) ? null :
                        string.Compare(sqls[], "desc", true) ==  ?
                        string.Format("{0} ASC ", sqls[]) :
                        string.Format("{0} DESC ", sqls[]);
                    pageSql.Insert(, "SELECT TOP 100 PERCENT  * FROM (SELECT TOP @PageLimit * FROM ( ");
                    pageSql.AppendFormat(" ) PageTab {0} ) PageTab2 {1}", orderChange, sqls[]);
                }
            }
            else if (dbType == DBType.SqlServer)
            {
                pageSql.AppendFormat(" Select top (@PageEnd) ROW_NUMBER() over ({0}) RN , {1}",
                    string.IsNullOrEmpty(sqls[]) ? "ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)" : sqls[],
                    sqls[]);

                //如果查询不是第一页，则需要判断起始行号
                if (start > )
                {
                    pageSql.Insert(, "Select PageTab.* from ( ");
                    pageSql.Append(" ) PageTab Where RN >= @PageStart");
                }
            }
            else if (dbType == DBType.Oracle)
            {
                pageSql.Append("select ROWNUM RN,  PageTab.* from ");
                pageSql.AppendFormat(" ( {0} ) PageTab ", sql);
                pageSql.Append(" where ROWNUM <= :PageEnd ");

                //如果查询不是第一页，则需要判断起始行号
                if (start > )
                {
                    pageSql.Insert(, "select * from ( ");
                    pageSql.Append(" ) Where RN>= :PageStart ");
                }
            }
            else if (dbType == DBType.SQLite)
            {
                pageSql.AppendFormat("{0} limit @PageStart,@PageLimit", sql, start, limit);
            }

            //存储生成的分页SQL语句
            sqls[] = pageSql.ToString();

            //临时测试
            //sqls[1] = sqls[1].Replace("@", "").Replace(":", "").Replace("PageStart", start + "").Replace("PageEnd", end + "").Replace("PageLimit", limit + "");

            //组织过程参数
            DbParameter[] paras;
            if (dbType == DBType.SqlServer2000 || dbType == DBType.SQLite)
            {
                paras = new DbParameter[];
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageLimit", limit);
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageEnd", end);
            }
            else if (start > )
            {
                paras = new DbParameter[];
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageStart", start);
                paras[] = CreateParameter("@PageEnd", end);
            }
            else
            {
                paras = new DbParameter[] { CreateParameter("@PageEnd", end) };
            }

            return paras;
        }
        #endregion

    }

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