Git复习（四）之解决冲突

解决冲突

合并分支往往也不是一帆风顺的

假设：我们从master创建了一个新的分支feature1更改了最后一行提交，我们切换到master分支也更改了最后一行提交，现在，master分支和feature1分支各自都分别有新的提交，变成了这样：

这种情况下，Git无法执行“快速合并”，只能试图把各自的修改合并起来，但这种合并就可能会有冲突，我们试试看：

$ git merge feature1
Auto-merging readme.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in readme.txt
Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result.

Git告诉我们，readme.txt文件存在冲突，必须手动解决冲突后再提交。git status也可以告诉我们冲突的文件：

$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by  commits.
  (use "git push" to publish your local commits)

You have unmerged paths.
  (fix conflicts and run "git commit")
  (use "git merge --abort" to abort the merge)

Unmerged paths:
  (use "git add <file>..." to mark resolution)

    both modified:   readme.txt

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")

我们可以直接查看readme.txt的内容：

Git is a distributed version control system.
Git is free software distributed under the GPL.
Git has a mutable index called stage.
Git tracks changes of files.
<<<<<<< HEAD
Creating a new branch is quick & simple.
=======
Creating a new branch is quick AND simple.
>>>>>>> feature1

Git用<<<<<<<，=======，>>>>>>>标记出不同分支的内容，我们修改如下后保存：

Creating a new branch is quick and simple.

再提交，现在，master分支和feature1分支变成了下图所示：

总结

当Git无法自动合并分支时，就必须首先解决冲突。解决冲突后，再提交，合并完成。

解决冲突就是把Git合并失败的文件手动编辑为我们希望的内容，再提交。