Docker 安装方式

时间：2024-10

准备环境

root@ubuntu2204:~# hostnamectl

 Static hostname: ubuntu2204

       Icon name: computer-vm

         Chassis: vm

      Machine ID: 06204406df2343f89f6ba6550a356854

         Boot ID: 3142ea12a9e64adbab7b8939935e7698

  Virtualization: vmware

Operating System: Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS

          Kernel: Linux 5.15.0-43-generic

    Architecture: x86-64

 Hardware Vendor: VMware, Inc.

  Hardware Model: VMware Virtual Platform

# 关闭 swap

root@ubuntu2204:~# swapoff -a

root@ubuntu2204:~# sed -ri.bak 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

# 更换阿里源

root@ubuntu2204:~# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_bak

root@ubuntu2204:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

root@ubuntu2204:~# apt update

root@ubuntu2204:~# apt upgrade -y

在线 APT 安装

# 卸载 docker 旧版本

root@ubuntu2204:~# for pkg in docker.io docker-doc docker-compose docker-compose-v2 podman-docker containerd runc; do sudo apt-get remove $pkg; done

root@ubuntu2204:~# rm /var/lib/docker /var/lib/containerd -rf

# 安装必要的依赖包

root@ubuntu2204:~# apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release -y

# 添加软件源的GPG密钥及docker源（三选一）

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 一：阿里

root@ubuntu2204:~# curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

root@ubuntu2204:~# add-apt-repository "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

# 二：清华

curl -fsSL https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

add-apt-repository "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)] https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

# 三：docker官方

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

add-apt-repository "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture)] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 方式一：选择安装最新稳定版

root@ubuntu2204:~# apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y

# 或方式二：选择安装指定稳定版, 例如 5:24.0.9-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

root@ubuntu2204:~# apt-cache madison docker-ce | awk '{ print $3 }' | less

5:27.3.1-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

5:27.3.0-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

......

5:25.0.3-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

5:25.0.2-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

5:25.0.1-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

5:25.0.0-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

5:24.0.9-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

5:24.0.8-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

......

root@ubuntu2204:~# VERSION_STRING=5:24.0.9-1~ubuntu.22.04~jammy

root@ubuntu2204:~# apt-get install docker-ce=$VERSION_STRING docker-ce-cli=$VERSION_STRING containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin -y

# 查看docker信息

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker -v

Docker version 24.0.9, build 2936816

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker version

Client: Docker Engine - Community

 Version:           24.0.9

 API version:       1.43

 Go version:        go1.20.13

 Git commit:        2936816

 Built:             Thu Feb  1 00:48:39 2024

 OS/Arch:           linux/amd64

 Context:           default

Server: Docker Engine - Community

 Engine:

  Version:          24.0.9

  API version:      1.43 (minimum version 1.12)

  Go version:       go1.20.13

  Git commit:       fca702d

  Built:            Thu Feb  1 00:48:39 2024

  OS/Arch:          linux/amd64

  Experimental:     false

 containerd:

  Version:          1.7.22

  GitCommit:        7f7fdf5fed64eb6a7caf99b3e12efcf9d60e311c

 runc:

  Version:          1.1.14

  GitCommit:        v1.1.14-0-g2c9f560

 docker-init:

  Version:          0.19.0

  GitCommit:        de40ad0

root@ubuntu2204:~# ps -ef | grep docker

root        2032       1  0 14:51 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock

root        2214     940  0 14:51 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto docker

# 启动|停止|查看|开机自启

root@ubuntu2204:~# systemctl start|stop|status|enable docker

# 测试 docker 是否安装正确

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker run --rm hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally

latest: Pulling from library/hello-world

c1ec31eb5944: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:d211f485f2dd1dee407a80973c8f129f00d54604d2c90732e8e320e5038a0348

Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!

This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.

 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.

    (amd64)

 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the

    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.

 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it

    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:

 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:

 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:

 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

若能正常输出以上信息，则说明安装成功。

二进制离线安装

时间：2024-10 下载 Docker docker-24.0.9.tgz 为例

下载 Docker 地址

# 下载 Docker docker-24.0.9.tgz 为例 (当前最新版本 docker-27.3.1.tgz)

root@ubuntu2204:~# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-24.0.9.tgz

root@ubuntu2204:~# tar -xf docker-24.0.9.tgz

root@ubuntu2204:~# cp -a docker/* /usr/local/bin/

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker -v

Docker version 24.0.9, build 2936816

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker -h

# 将docker注册为 Systemd 的 service

# /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 或 /etc/systemd/system/docker.service

[root@ubuntu2204 ~]# cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service <<EOF

[Unit]

Description=Docker Application Container Engine

Documentation=https://docs.docker.com

After=network-online.target firewalld.service

Wants=network-online.target

[Service]

Type=notify

# the default is not to use systemd for cgroups because the delegate issues still

# exists and systemd currently does not support the cgroup feature set required

# for containers run by docker

ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/dockerd -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --default-ulimit nofile=65536:65536

ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID

# Having non-zero Limit*s causes performance problems due to accounting overhead

# in the kernel. We recommend using cgroups to do container-local accounting.

LimitNOFILE=infinity

LimitNPROC=infinity

LimitCORE=infinity

# Uncomment TasksMax if your systemd version supports it.

# Only systemd 226 and above support this version.

#TasksMax=infinity

TimeoutStartSec=0

# set delegate yes so that systemd does not reset the cgroups of docker containers

Delegate=yes

# kill only the docker process, not all processes in the cgroup

KillMode=process

# restart the docker process if it exits prematurely

Restart=on-failure

StartLimitBurst=3

StartLimitInterval=60s

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

EOF

# 如果需要开启远程服务ExecStart属性修改为以下命令：

ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/dockerd -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 -H unix:///var/run/docker.sock --default-ulimit nofile=65536:65536

# -H tcp://0.0.0.0:2375 开启远程连接命令

# 测试远程连接  docker -H DockerHost_ip version

# 添加文件可执行权限

[root@ubuntu2204 ~]# chmod +x /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

# 启动

[root@ubuntu2204 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker

# 启动|停止|查看|开机自启

root@ubuntu2204:~# systemctl start|stop|status|enable docker

此时可能会无法启动报错信息如下

root@ubuntu2204:~# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start docker

Job for docker.service failed because the control process exited with error code.

See "systemctl status docker.service" and "journalctl -xeu docker.service" for details.

root@ubuntu2204:~# systemctl status docker.service

......

Oct 21 17:24:36 ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: docker.service: Scheduled restart job, restart counter is at 3.

Oct 21 17:24:36 ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Stopped Docker Application Container Engine.

Oct 21 17:24:36 ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: docker.service: Start request repeated too quickly.

Oct 21 17:24:36 ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: docker.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

Oct 21 17:24:36 ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: Failed to start Docker Application Container Engine.

root@ubuntu2204:~# journalctl -xeu docker.service

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.838180448+08:00" level=info msg="Starting up"

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.838180448+08:00" level=info msg="Starting up"

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.846181372+08:00" level=warning msg="could not change group /var/run/docker.sock to docker: group docker not found"

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.846351136+08:00" level=info msg="containerd not running, starting managed containerd"

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.847171970+08:00" level=info msg="started new containerd process" address=/var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.sock module=libcontainerd pid=1011

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1011]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.861897616+08:00" level=info msg="starting containerd" revision=7c3aca7a610df76212171d200ca3811ff6096eb8 version=v1.7.13

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1011]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.879453787+08:00" level=info msg="loading plugin \"io.containerd.warning.v1.deprecations\"..." type=io.containerd.warning.v1

......

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1011]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.915675066+08:00" level=info msg=serving... address=/var/run/docker/containerd/containerd.sock

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1011]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.915690393+08:00" level=info msg="containerd successfully booted in 0.054759s"

Oct 21 17:32:56 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:56.922245751+08:00" level=info msg="detected 127.0.0.53 nameserver, assuming systemd-resolved, so using resolv.conf: /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf"

Oct 21 17:32:57 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:57.069029579+08:00" level=info msg="Loading containers: start."

Oct 21 17:32:57 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:57.131593492+08:00" level=warning msg="failed to find iptables" error="exec: \"iptables\": executable file not found in $PATH"

Oct 21 17:32:57 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:57.134033772+08:00" level=info msg="stopping event stream following graceful shutdown" error="<nil>" module=libcontainerd namespace=moby

Oct 21 17:32:57 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:57.134833160+08:00" level=info msg="stopping event stream following graceful shutdown" error="context canceled" module=libcontainerd namespace=plugins.moby

Oct 21 17:32:57 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: time="2024-10-21T17:32:57.134935282+08:00" level=info msg="stopping healthcheck following graceful shutdown" module=libcontainerd

Oct 21 17:32:58 ubuntu2204 dockerd[1001]: failed to start daemon: Error initializing network controller: error obtaining controller instance: failed to create NAT chain DOCKER: Iptables not found

Oct 21 17:32:58 ubuntu2204 systemd[1]: docker.service: Main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILUR

.....

原因：这些错误表明 Docker 无法找到 iptables 命令，它是用于配置网络规则和转发的重要工具。缺少 iptables 可能会导致 Docker 无法初始化网络控制器，从而无法启动。

解决方法

# 检查 iptables 是否已安装

root@ubuntu2204:~# which iptables

root@ubuntu2204:~# apt-get install iptables  # 或重新安装：apt-get install --reinstall iptables

# 再次启动 docker

root@ubuntu2204:~# systemctl start docker

root@ubuntu2204:~# iptables -L -n

Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

Chain FORWARD (policy DROP)

target     prot opt source               destination

DOCKER-USER  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0            ctstate RELATED,ESTABLISHED

DOCKER     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

ACCEPT     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT)

target     prot opt source               destination

Chain DOCKER (1 references)

target     prot opt source               destination

Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1 (1 references)

target     prot opt source               destination

DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2  all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

RETURN     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

Chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-2 (1 references)

target     prot opt source               destination

DROP       all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

RETURN     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

Chain DOCKER-USER (1 references)

target     prot opt source               destination

RETURN     all  --  0.0.0.0/0            0.0.0.0/0

# 测试 Docker 是否安装正确

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker run --rm hello-world

Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally

latest: Pulling from library/hello-world

c1ec31eb5944: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:d211f485f2dd1dee407a80973c8f129f00d54604d2c90732e8e320e5038a0348

Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!

This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:

 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.

 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.

    (amd64)

 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the

    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.

 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it

    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:

 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:

 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:

 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

若能正常输出以上信息，则说明安装成功。

添加 docker 镜像加速

# 每次修改 daemon.json 后，必须重载配置及重启 docker

root@ubuntu2204:~# mkdir -p /etc/docker

root@ubuntu2204:~# tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'

{

    "registry-mirrors": [

        "https://dockerpull.com",

        "https://docker.anyhub.us.kg",

        "https://dockerhub.jobcher.com",

        "https://dockerhub.icu",

        "https://docker.awsl9527.cn"

    ]

}

EOF

root@ubuntu2204:~# systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker

root@ubuntu2204:~# docker info

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