16、Xtrabackup备份与恢复

XTRABACKUP

xtrabackup是percona公司开发的第三方备份软件，只备份innodb引擎表的ibd文件（frm不备份），不备份myisam引擎表。备份性能很高，备份期间没有任和锁，ddl、dml、select都不受影响

xtrabackup全备：

step1：这步只是在系统层做了个拷贝，数据库目录只拷贝ibd文件，frm表结构需要恢复时手动拷贝，log文件不备份

1. [root@likun data]# xtrabackup --backup --datadir=/mysql/data/--target-dir=/root/bak              

[root@likun bak]# ls

db1  ibdata1  xtrabackup_checkpoints  xtrabackup_logfile

 

step2：这步会根据第一步的lsn结果扫描日志文件，将备份期间的新log、undo，补充到备份文件中，使他们合并成为完整的有一致性的

1. [root@likun bak]# xtrabackup --prepare --use-memory=50M--datadir=/mysql/data/--target-dir=/root/bak      

[root@likun bak]# ls

db1  ibdata1  xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb  xtrabackup_checkpoints  xtrabackup_logfile

 

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xtrabackup   增量备：  

周一：首先做一个全备，但不要做prepare

insert into test3 values(1);commit;

xtrabackup --backup --datadir=/mysql/data/ --target-dir=/root/bak/1/

周二：基于周一做增量备，--incremental-basedir设置为周一全备的目录，表示基于哪天做增量

insert into test3 values(2);commit;

xtrabackup --backup --datadir=/mysql/data/ --target-dir=/root/bak/2/ --incremental-basedir=/root/bak/1/

周三：基于周二做增量备

insert into test3 values(3);commit;   

xtrabackup --backup --datadir=/mysql/data/ --target-dir=/root/bak/3/ --incremental-basedir=/root/bak/2/

 

恢复：

--apply-log-only   只应用日志，把增量合在一起，而不产生日志

xtrabackup --prepare  --apply-log-only --redo-only --target-dir=/root/bak/1/

xtrabackup --prepare  --apply-log-only --redo-only --target-dir=/root/bak/1/ --incremental-basedir=/root/bak/2/

xtrabackup --prepare  --apply-log-only --redo-only --target-dir=/root/bak/1/ --incremental-basedir=/root/bak/3/

这时目录1，数据才是完整的了   

 

xtrabackup --prepare   --target-dir=/root/bak/1

最终生成完整备份，可以看到目录1下面生成了ib_logfile日志文件

 

 

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INNOBACKUPEX

使用innobackupex做完整备份：

先保证my.cnf配置文件中配置了 basedir 和 datadir，如果配置文件在其他位置，指定‘--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf’

step1：生成完整备份，同时copy innodb和myisam以及frm文件，会锁myisam表

[root@likun bak]# innobackupex --user=root /root/bak

1. InnoDBBackupUtility v1.5.1-xtrabackup;Copyright2003,2009InnobaseOy
2. and Percona LLC and/or its affiliates 2009-2013.  AllRightsReserved.
4. This software is published under
5. the GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version2,June1991.
7. Get the latest version of PerconaXtraBackup, documentation, and help resources:
8. http://www.percona.com/xb/p
10. 14081014:09:34  innobackupex:Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: NO).
11. 14081014:09:34  innobackupex:Connected to MySQL server
12. 14081014:09:34  innobackupex:Executing a version check against the server...
13. 14081014:09:34  innobackupex:Done.
14. IMPORTANT:Please check that the backup run completes successfully.
15.            At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex
16.            prints "completed OK!".
18. innobackupex:Using mysql server version 5.5.30-log
20. innobackupex:Created backup directory /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34
22. 14081014:09:34  innobackupex:Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup  --defaults-group="mysqld"--backup --suspend-at-end --target-dir=/root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34--tmpdir=/tmp --extra-lsndir='/tmp'
23. innobackupex:Waitingfor ibbackup (pid=15364) to suspend
24. innobackupex:Suspend file '/root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/xtrabackup_suspended_2'
26. xtrabackup version 2.2.3 based on MySQL server 5.6.17Linux(x86_64)(revision id:)
27. xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().
28. xtrabackup: cd to /mysql/data
29. xtrabackup: open files limit requested 0,set to 40960
30. xtrabackup:using the following InnoDB configuration:
31. xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir =./
32. xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
33. xtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir =./
34. xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group =2
35. xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size =5242880
36. >> log scanned up to (1670110)
37. [01]Copying./ibdata1 to /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/ibdata1
38. >> log scanned up to (1670110)
39. [01]        ...done
40. >> log scanned up to (1670110)
41. [01]Copying./db1/test3.ibd to /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/db1/test3.ibd
42. [01]        ...done
43. [01]Copying./db1/test1.ibd to /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/db1/test1.ibd
44. [01]        ...done
45. [01]Copying./db1/test4.ibd to /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/db1/test4.ibd
46. [01]        ...done
47. [01]Copying./mysql/abc.ibd to /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/mysql/abc.ibd
48. [01]        ...done
49. [01]Copying./db2/test.ibd to /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/db2/test.ibd
50. [01]        ...done
51. >> log scanned up to (1670110)
52. xtrabackup:Creating suspend file '/root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/xtrabackup_suspended_2' with pid '15364'
54. 14081014:09:38  innobackupex:Continuing after ibbackup has suspended
55. 14081014:09:38  innobackupex:Executing FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK...
56. 14081014:09:38  innobackupex:All tables locked and flushed to disk
58. 14081014:09:38  innobackupex:Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and files
59. innobackupex: in subdirectories of '/mysql/data'
60. innobackupex:Backing up file '/mysql/data/db1/test4.frm'
61. innobackupex:Backing up file '/mysql/data/db1/test3.frm'
62. >> log scanned up to (1670110)
63. innobackupex:Backing up file '/mysql/data/db1/db.opt'
64. innobackupex:Backing up file '/mysql/data/db1/test1.frm'
65. innobackupex:Backing up files '/mysql/data/mysql/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}'(73 files)
66. innobackupex:Backing up files '/mysql/data/performance_schema/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}'(18 files)
67. innobackupex:Backing up file '/mysql/data/db2/db.opt'
68. innobackupex:Backing up file '/mysql/data/db2/test.frm'
69. 14081014:09:38  innobackupex:Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files
71. 14081014:09:38  innobackupex:Executing FLUSH ENGINE LOGS...
72. 14081014:09:38  innobackupex:Waitingfor log copying to finish
74. xtrabackup:The latest check point (for incremental):'1670110'
75. xtrabackup:Stopping log copying thread.
76. .>> log scanned up to (1670110)
78. xtrabackup:Creating suspend file '/root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/xtrabackup_log_copied' with pid '15364'
79. xtrabackup:Transaction log of lsn (1670110) to (1670110) was copied.
80. 14081014:09:39  innobackupex:All tables unlocked
82. innobackupex:Backup created in directory '/root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34'
83. innobackupex:MySQL binlog position: filename 'mysql-bin.000011', position 107
84. 14081014:09:39  innobackupex:Connection to database server closed
85. 14081014:09:39  innobackupex: completed OK!

step2：同步日志文件

[root@likun bak]# innobackupex   --use-memory=50M --apply-log /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/

 

 

恢复完整备份：

service mysql stop

清空data目录

innobackupex会根据配置文件中datadir进行恢复

[root@likun data]# innobackupex --copy-back /root/bak/2014-08-10_14-09-34/

chown mysql. * -R

service mysql start

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使用innodbbackupex做增量备份

mkdir {1,2,3}

周一：

 insert into test3 values(1);commit;

[root@likun bak]# innobackupex --user=root /root/bak/1/

周二：

 insert into test3 values(2);commit;   

[root@likun bak]# innobackupex --user=root --incremental /root/bak/2/ --incremental-basedir=/root/bak/1/2014-08-10_14-37-26/

周三：

 insert into test3 values(3);commit;      

[root@likun 2]# innobackupex --user=root --incremental /root/bak/3/ --incremental-basedir=/root/bak/2/2014-08-10_14-42-01/

 

恢复增量备份：

准备原始备份：--redo-only同xtrabackup的apply-log-only

[root@likun 2]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /root/bak/1/2014-08-10_14-37-26/ --use-memory=50M --user=root

叠加周二增量：

[root@likun 2]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /root/bak/1/2014-08-10_14-37-26/ --incremental-dir=/root/bak/2/2014-08-10_14-42-01/ --use-memory=50m --user=root

叠加周三增量：   

[root@likun 2]# innobackupex --apply-log --redo-only /root/bak/1/2014-08-10_14-37-26/ --incremental-dir=/root/bak/3/2014-08-10_14-43-40/ --use-memory=50m --user=root

这样最终在目录1生成完整备份文件。最后执行：

[root@likun 2]# innobackupex --apply-log /root/bak/1/2014-08-10_14-37-26/ --use-memory=50m --user=root

 

将完整的增量备份恢复到数据库：

service mysql stop

清空data目录

[root@likun mysql]#  innobackupex --copy-back /root/bak/1/2014-08-10_14-37-26/

chown mysql. * -R

service mysql start

 

OK~~