MySQL 5.7修改root密码的4种方法

sometimes we will forget our password of root in MySQL DB server.so,there're several methods below to solve these kind of issues.

I. ALTER USER ...

pkill mysqld
vim my.cnf -> add skip-grant-tables
sh mysqld.sh
mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
flush privileges;
alter user root@localhost identified by '';
login again using new password
exit & modify my.cnf to the original state

eg 1:

 #mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

 Your MySQL connection id is

 Server version: 5.7.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>alter user root@localhost identified by 'innodb';

 ERROR  (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>flush privileges;

 Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>alter user root@localhost identified by 'innodb';

 Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>quit;

 Bye

 #mysql -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Enter password: <here the new Password is "innodb">

II. SET PASSWORD ...

pkill mysqld
vim my.cnf -> add skip-grant-tables
sh mysqld.sh
mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
flush privileges;
set password for root@localhost=''; --also can use password() function here
login again using new password
exit & modify my.cnf to the original state

eg 2:

 #mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

 Your MySQL connection id is

 Server version: 5.7.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>set password for root@localhost='mysql'; -- or,set password for root@localhost=password('mysql')

 ERROR  (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>flush privileges;

 Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>set password for root@localhost='mysql';

 Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>exit

 Bye

 #mysql -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Enter password: <here the new Password is "mysql">

III. UPDATE MYSQL.USER SET ...

pkill mysqld
vim my.cnf -> add skip-grant-tables
sh mysqld.sh
mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
flush privileges; --this step is not indispensable
update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('') where ... ; --must use password() function,don't forget where clause to specify condition
login again using new password
exit & modify my.cnf to the original state

eg 3:

 #mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

 Your MySQL connection id is

 Server version: 5.7.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>update mysql.user set authentication_string=('oracle') where user='root' and host='localhost';

 Query OK,  row affected (0.00 sec)

 Rows matched:  Changed:  Warnings: 

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;

 +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

 | user | host | authentication_string |

 +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

 | root | localhost | oracle |

 | mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |

 | mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |

 | repl | 192.168..% | *872ECE72A7EBAC6A183C90D7043D5F359BD85A9E |

 | zlm | 192.168..% | *B746A45EBB84DD9DDEF015B332281AEFD164E2A9 |

 | zlm | 192.168.1.102 | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA |

 | zlm | 192.168.1.1 | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |

 | zlm | 192.168.1.103 | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA |

 +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

  rows in set (0.00 sec)

be careful,if you don't using the password() function to get your password,then you'll get a wrong result,and you cannot use the password "oracle" to login the mysql server.

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('oracle') where user='root' and host='localhost';

 Query OK,  row affected,  warning (0.00 sec)

 Rows matched:  Changed:  Warnings:

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>select user,host,authentication_string from mysql.user;

 +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

 | user | host | authentication_string |

 +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

 | root | localhost | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |

 | mysql.session | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |

 | mysql.sys | localhost | *THISISNOTAVALIDPASSWORDTHATCANBEUSEDHERE |

 | repl | 192.168..% | *872ECE72A7EBAC6A183C90D7043D5F359BD85A9E |

 | zlm | 192.168..% | *B746A45EBB84DD9DDEF015B332281AEFD164E2A9 |

 | zlm | 192.168.1.102 | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA |

 | zlm | 192.168.1.1 | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |

 | zlm | 192.168.1.103 | *E74858DB86EBA20BC33D0AECAE8A8108C56B17FA |

 +---------------+---------------+-------------------------------------------+

  rows in set (0.00 sec)

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>exit

 Bye

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mysql -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Enter password: <here the new Password is "oracle">

IV. USING --INIT-FILE WITHOUT --SKIP-GRANT-TABLES（Recommended）

pkill mysqld
add "alter user ..." into file change_pass.sql
start mysqld with --init-file=<yourpath>/change_pass.sql

eg 4:

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #pkill mysqld

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #ps -ef | grep mysqld

 root    : pts/ :: grep --color=auto mysqld

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #pwd

 /root

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #echo "alter user root@localhost identified by 'password';" > change_password.sql

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #cat change_password.sql

 alter user root@localhost identified by 'password';

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --init-file=/root/change_password.sql &

 [] 

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #ps -efl|grep mysqld

  R root      -  - : pts/ :: grep --color=auto mysqld

 []+ Exit  mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --init-file=/root/change_password.sql

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mysql -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Enter password:

 ERROR  (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql3306.sock' (2)

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

it's obviously that the mysqld process has not been startd normally,let's check the "error.log" file to find what have happened.error.log shows below:

 --31T05::.520876Z  [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '*'; port:

 --31T05::.520915Z  [Note] IPv6 is available.

 --31T05::.520920Z  [Note] - '::' resolves to '::';

 --31T05::.520934Z  [Note] Server socket created on IP: '::'.

 --31T05::.544976Z  [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded  events

 --31T05::.545087Z  [Note] Execution of init_file '/root/change_password.sql' started.

 --31T05::.545108Z  [ERROR] mysqld: File '/root/change_password.sql' not found (Errcode:  - Permission denied)

 --31T05::.545111Z  [ERROR] Aborting

 --31T05::.545226Z  [Note] Giving  client threads a chance to die gracefully

 --31T05::.545233Z  [Note] Shutting down slave threads

 --31T05::.545237Z  [Note] Forcefully disconnecting  remaining clients

 --31T05::.545239Z  [Note] Event Scheduler: Purging the queue.  events

 --31T05::.545301Z  [Note] Binlog end

 --31T05::.547647Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ngram'

 --31T05::.547666Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'BLACKHOLE'

 --31T05::.547669Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'partition'

 --31T05::.547671Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'ARCHIVE'

 --31T05::.547673Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MyISAM'

 --31T05::.547678Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'CSV'

 --31T05::.547681Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_VIRTUAL'

 --31T05::.547683Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_DATAFILES'

 --31T05::.547685Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESPACES'

 --31T05::.547686Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN_COLS'

 --31T05::.547687Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FOREIGN'

 --31T05::.547689Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_FIELDS'

 --31T05::.547690Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_COLUMNS'

 --31T05::.547692Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_INDEXES'

 --31T05::.547693Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLESTATS'

 --31T05::.547694Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_SYS_TABLES'

 --31T05::.547696Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_TABLE'

 --31T05::.547703Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_INDEX_CACHE'

 --31T05::.547705Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_CONFIG'

 --31T05::.547706Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_BEING_DELETED'

 --31T05::.547707Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DELETED'

 --31T05::.547709Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_FT_DEFAULT_STOPWORD'

 --31T05::.547710Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_METRICS'

 --31T05::.547711Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TEMP_TABLE_INFO'

 --31T05::.547713Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_POOL_STATS'

 --31T05::.547714Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE_LRU'

 --31T05::.547716Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_BUFFER_PAGE'

 --31T05::.547717Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX_RESET'

 --31T05::.547718Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_PER_INDEX'

 --31T05::.547720Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM_RESET'

 --31T05::.547721Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMPMEM'

 --31T05::.547722Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP_RESET'

 --31T05::.547724Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_CMP'

 --31T05::.547725Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCK_WAITS'

 --31T05::.547727Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_LOCKS'

 --31T05::.547728Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'INNODB_TRX'

 --31T05::.547729Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'InnoDB'

 --31T05::.547781Z  [Note] InnoDB: FTS optimize thread exiting.

 --31T05::.547899Z  [Note] InnoDB: Starting shutdown...

 --31T05::.553631Z  [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at  ::

 --31T05::.553667Z  [Note] InnoDB: Dumping buffer pool(s) to /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/ib_buffer_pool

 --31T05::.553809Z  [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) dump completed at  ::

 --31T05::.366016Z  [Note] InnoDB: Shutdown completed; log sequence number

 --31T05::.366078Z  [Note] InnoDB: Removed temporary tablespace data file: "ibtmp1"

 --31T05::.366085Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MEMORY'

 --31T05::.366090Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'MRG_MYISAM'

 --31T05::.366093Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA'

 --31T05::.366111Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'

 --31T05::.366113Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'

 --31T05::.366263Z  [Note] Shutting down plugin 'binlog'

 --31T05::.370287Z  [Note] mysqld: Shutdown complete

okay,now we know about the reason why the mysqld process down,it was the privilege issue of OS code 13.let's check the privilege of "change_password.sql" then:

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #ls -l

 total

 -rw-------.  root root  Jul   anaconda-ks.cfg

 -rw-r--r--  root root  May  : change_password.sql

 -rwxr-xr-x  root root  Apr  : mysql-5.7.-linux-glibc2.-x86_64.tar.gz

 -rwxr--r--  root root  Apr  : mysqld.sh

 -rw-r--r--  root root  May  : mysqld.strace

 drwxr-xr-x  mysql mysql  May  : zabbix-3.0.

 -rwxr-xr-x  root root  May  : zabbix-3.0..tar

first of all,i use command "chown mysql.mysql change_password.sql" to give the right ownership to the sql file,but it still don't work. why?'cause the father directory "/root" is not belong to the mysql user.then,i moved the file to the "/home/mysql" directory which owned by mysql user:

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mv change_password.sql /home/mysql

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #cd /home/mysql

 [root@zlm3 :: /home/mysql]

 #ls -l

 total

 -rw-r--r--  mysql mysql  May  : change_password.sql

let's start the mysqld process again,well,it's running now:

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --init-file=/home/mysql/change_password.sql &

 [] 

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #ps aux|grep mysqld

 mysql  3.2 17.5   pts/ Sl : : mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/mysql3306/my.cnf --init-file=/home/mysql/change_password.sql

 root  0.0 0.0   pts/ R+ : : grep --color=auto mysqld

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mysql -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Enter password: <here the new Password is "password">

 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

 Your MySQL connection id is

 Server version: 5.7.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>

Summary:

when changing the password of root,shutdown the mysqld process once is necessary.
method 1~3 based on the parameter "--skip-grant-tables",the only difference is using different gramma.
method 1~2 need to use "flush privileges;" before excecution the spercific changing command.
method 4 is more convenient,so i rather recommend to use this way to achive your purpose.
putting the parameter "init-file=<your sql file path>" under the "[mysqld],[mysqld_safe],[server]" group is also a workaround,but i don't recommend that.
once you've executed "flush privileges;" ,it means the privilege table has been updated,then you must use the specific password you've changed just now with "-p" parameter to login the MySQL server,even if your parameter "skip-grant-tables" is still in my.cnf,only if you restart the mysqld process.

for example:

 #mysql -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Enter password: <here put the right password>

 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

 Your MySQL connection id is

 Server version: 5.7.-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 Copyright (c) , , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

 Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

 affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

 owners.

 Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 (root@localhost mysql3306.sock)[(none)]::>exit

 Bye

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mysql -p -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock

 Enter password: <here put the wrong password>

 ERROR  (): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

 [root@zlm3 :: ~]

 #mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock --not using "-p" parameter

 ERROR  (): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

 #[root@zlm3 :: ~]

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MySQL 5.7修改root密码的4种方法

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