C语言 实验设备管理系统

实验设备信息管理系统

简单的思路，简单的算法

题目简述：实验室设备信息用文件存储，提供文件的输入输出操作；要能够完成设备的录入和修改，需要提供设备添加和修改操作；实现对设备进行分类统计，需要提供排序操作；实现对设备的查询需要提供查找操作。

结构体定义如下：

typedef struct equipmentInfo
{
  char equipCode[];  //设备编号
  char equipType[];  //设备总类
  char equipName[]; //设备名称
  char equipPrice[];    //设备价格
  char buyDate[];   //设备购入日期
  int  scrap;         //是否报废，0表示没有报废，1表示报废
  char scrapDate[];  //报废日期
}EquInfo;

在此做了七个模块，分别是：实验设备信息输入模块、实验设备信息添加模块、实验设备信息修改模块、实验设备分类统计模块、实验设备查询模块、删除模块。

函数定义如下：

int Scaninfor();//浏览设备信息
int Inputinformation();//设备信息输入模块
int Addinfor();//设备信息添加模块
int Modifyinfor();//设备信息修改模块
int Classifyinfor();//设备分类统计模块
int Searchinfor();//设备查询模块
int Deleteinfor();//删除模块

设计思路：

1.设备信息输入模块为新建文件，已存在的文件会被覆盖；

2.设备信息添加模块，向文件尾部添加信息；

3.修改信息模块，先选择需要修改的设备编号，再选择需要修改的内容；

4.统计模块，计数功能（源码中提供了排序的代码，但没有将排序后的写入文件）；

5.查询模块，查到就会输出；

6.删除模块，暂时只提供了按照设备编码删除的功能；

7.浏览，任何时候都可以浏览文件内的信息；

8.由main函数提供菜单，用户选择功能，功能实现后，函数返回用户的按键的ASCII码，判断继续执行main函数or结束程序。

遇到的问题及解决办法：

1.信息输入%s用的市scanf()，如果在某一个字符串中输入空格，将会出错。所以改为gets(),注意若在scanf()后使用，需要提前getchar()；

2.信息修改模块，一开始提供的修改是让用户重新输入所有信息，改为重新输入需要修改的相应信息更高效；

3.删除模块，最好可以实现分类删除，比如删除所有已经报废的设备信息，删除在某个日期之前或某个时间段购入的设备信息等；

4.函数返回值判断是否结束程序时，最早只能输入数字，输入别的会出错（因为最后用户输入的时候我用的是%d啦）。改为%c后可以按键盘的 any key 了；

5.输出格式问题，虽然我在printf()内使用了\t，但后来发现某项内容长度不一样（本身长度有的不到8个字节，有的超过了8个字节），这样会发生错位。输出格式%s可以改为%-15s（左对齐），这样就可以了。

6.欢迎提出问题继续改进~

源代码：

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <math.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <conio.h>
 #define N 20
 typedef struct equipmentInfo
 {
   char equipCode[];  //设备编号
   char equipType[];  //设备总类
   char equipName[]; //设备名称
   char equipPrice[];    //设备价格
   char buyDate[];   //设备购入日期
   int  scrap;         //是否报废，0表示没有报废，1表示报废
   char scrapDate[];  //报废日期
 }EquInfo;
 EquInfo equip[N];
 int Scaninfor();//浏览设备信息
 int Inputinformation();//设备信息输入模块
 int Addinfor();//设备信息添加模块
 int Modifyinfor();//设备信息修改模块
 int Classifyinfor();//设备分类统计模块
 int Searchinfor();//设备查询模块
 int Deleteinfor();//删除模块
 int i = ;
 int main()
 {
     printf("*************************************\n");
     printf("*****  输入对应数字标号选择菜单\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[0]  浏览实验设备信息\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[1]  输入实验设备信息\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[2]  添加实验设备信息\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[3]  修改实验设备信息\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[4]  设备信息分类统计\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[5]  查询实验设备信息\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[6]  删除实验设备信息\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[7]  退出          \t*****\n");
     printf("*************************************\n");
     int menu,t;
     do
     {
         printf("请输入数字标号：\n");
         scanf("%d",&menu);
     }while(menu <  || menu > );
     switch(menu)
     {
         case :
             t = Scaninfor();break;
         case :
             t = Inputinformation();break;
         case :
             t = Addinfor();break;
         case :
             t = Modifyinfor();break;
         case :
             t = Classifyinfor();break;
         case :
             t = Searchinfor();break;
         case :
             t = Deleteinfor();break;
         case :
             exit();break;
         default:
             printf("INPUT ERROR !");
     }
     getchar();
     if(t == )
         return ;
     else
         main();
 }
 int Scaninfor()
 {
     FILE *fp;
     int j,k;
     char a;
     if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","r")) == NULL)
     {
         printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
         exit();
     }
     for(k = ;!feof(fp);k++)
     {
         fread(&equip[k], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
     }
     printf("code\ttype \t\tname\tprice\tbuydate        \tscrap\tscrapdate\n\n\n");
     for(j = ;j < k-;j++)
     {
         printf("%s\t%-15s\t%-7s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n\n",equip[j].equipCode, equip[j].equipType, equip[j].equipName, equip[j].equipPrice, equip[j].buyDate, equip[j].scrap, equip[j].scrapDate);
     }
     fclose(fp);
     printf("press 0 to exit or other key to return menu:\n");
     scanf(" %c",&a);
     return a;
 }
 int Inputinformation()
 {
     int n;
     char a;
     printf("Please input the number of equipments:");
     scanf("%d",&n);
     getchar();
     printf("Please input the equipCode, equipType, equipName,");
     printf(" equipPrice, buyDate, scrap(no 0 or yes 1), scrapDate:\n");
     do
     {
         printf("please input the information of %d:\n",i+);
         strcpy(equip[i].scrapDate, "no scrap");
         printf("please input the equipCode:\n");
         gets(equip[i].equipCode);
         printf("please input the equipType:\n");
         gets(equip[i].equipType);
         printf("please input the equipName:\n");
         gets(equip[i].equipName);
         printf("please input the equipPrice:\n");
         gets(equip[i].equipPrice);
         printf("please input the buyDate:\n");
         gets(equip[i].buyDate);
         printf("please input is(1) or not(0) scrap:\n");
         scanf("%d",&equip[i].scrap);
         getchar();
         if(equip[i].scrap == )
         {
             printf("please input the scrap date:\n");
             gets(equip[i].scrapDate);
         }
         i++;
     }while(i < n);
     FILE *fp;
     if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","w")) == NULL)
     {
         printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
         exit();
     }
     fwrite(equip, sizeof(EquInfo), n, fp);
     fclose(fp);
     printf("press 0 to exit or other key to return menu:\n");
     scanf(" %c",&a);
     return a;
 }
 int Addinfor()
 {
     int k = ,j;
     FILE *fp;
     if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","a")) == NULL)
     {
         printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
         exit();
     }
     int n;
     char a;
     printf("Please input the number of the adding equipments:");
     scanf("%d",&n);
     getchar();
     printf("Please input the equipCode,equipType,equipName,");
     printf("equipPrice,buyDate,scrap(no 0 or yes 1),scrapDate:\n");
     do
     {
         printf("please input the adding information of %d:\n",k+);
         strcpy(equip[k].scrapDate, "no scrap");
         printf("please input the equipCode:\n");
         gets(equip[k].equipCode);
         printf("please input the equipType:\n");
         gets(equip[k].equipType);
         printf("please input the equipName:\n");
         gets(equip[k].equipName);
         printf("please input the equipPrice:\n");
         gets(equip[k].equipPrice);
         printf("please input the buyDate:\n");
         gets(equip[k].buyDate);
         printf("please input is(1) or not(0) scrap:\n");
         scanf("%d",&equip[k].scrap);
         getchar();
         if(equip[k].scrap == )
         {
             printf("please input the scrap date:\n");
             gets(equip[k].scrapDate);
         }
         k++;
     }while(k < n);
     fseek(fp,,SEEK_END);
     for(j = ;j<n;j++)
         fwrite(&equip[j], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
     fclose(fp);
     printf("press 0 to exit or other key to return menu:\n");
     scanf(" %c",&a);
     return a;
 }
 int Modifyinfor()
 {
     FILE *fp;
     int k,j,a,b,l;
     char c;
     char code[];
     getchar();
     printf("please input the equipCode of the equipment which you want to modify:\n");
     gets(code);
     if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","r")) == NULL)
     {
         printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
         exit();
     }
     for(k = ;!feof(fp);k++)
     {
         fread(&equip[k], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
     }
     for(j = ;j < k;j++)
     {
         a = strcmp(equip[j].equipCode,code);
         if(a == )
         {
             printf("Which information do you want to modify?\n");
             printf("***[1] equipcode\t***\n");
             printf("***[2] equiptype\t***\n");
             printf("***[3] equipname\t***\n");
             printf("***[4] equipprice\t***\n");
             printf("***[5] buydate  \t***\n");
             printf("***[6] scrap      \t***\n");
             printf("***[7] scrapdate\t***\n");
             printf("please input the number:");
             scanf("%d",&b);
             getchar();

             switch(b)
             {
             case :
                 printf("please input the equipCode:\n");
                 gets(equip[j].equipCode);
                 break;
             case :
                 printf("please input the equipType:\n");
                 gets(equip[j].equipType);
                 break;
             case :
                 printf("please input the equipName:\n");
                 gets(equip[j].equipName);
                 break;
             case :
                 printf("please input the equipPrice:\n");
                 gets(equip[j].equipPrice);
                 break;
             case :
                 printf("please input the buyDate:\n");
                 gets(equip[j].buyDate);
                 break;
             case :
                 printf("please input is(1) or not(0) scrap:\n");
                 scanf("%d",&equip[j].scrap);
                 getchar();
                 if(equip[j].scrap == )
                 {
                     printf("please input the scrap date:\n");
                     gets(equip[j].scrapDate);
                 }
                 else
                     strcpy(equip[j].scrapDate, "no scrap");
                 break;
             case :
                 printf("please input the scrap date:\n");
                 gets(equip[j].scrapDate);
                 break;
             default:
                 printf("INPUT ERROR !\n");
             }
             break;
         }
     }
     fclose(fp);
     if(a)
         printf("don't find the equipCode that you input\n");
     else
     {
         if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","w")) == NULL)
         {
             printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
             exit();
         }
         for(l = ;l < k-;l++)
             fwrite(&equip[l], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
         fclose(fp);
         printf("MODIFY SUCCESSFULLY !\n");
     }
     printf("press 0 to exit or other key to return menu:\n");
     scanf(" %c",&c);
     return a;
 }
 int Classifyinfor()
 {
     char a;
     FILE *fp;
     int q,count = ,j,k;
     int total;
     char s[N],temp[N],*te;
     printf("*****\t[1] 设备种类\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[2] 设备名称\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[3] 购买日期\t*****\n");
     printf("请输入你想要的分类方式：");
     scanf("%d",&q);
     getchar();
     if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","r")) == NULL)
     {
         printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
         exit();
     }
     for(total = ;!feof(fp);total++)
     {
         fread(&equip[total], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
     }
     switch(q)
     {
         case :
             printf("please input the equipType:\n");
             gets(s);
             for(j = ;j < total-;j++)
             {
                 for(k = ;k < total;k++)
                 {
                     if(strcmp(equip[k].equipType,equip[j].equipType) < )
                     {
                         strcpy(temp, equip[k].equipType);
                         strcpy(equip[k].equipType, equip[j].equipType);
                         strcpy(equip[j].equipType, temp);
                     }
                 }
             }
             for(j = ;j < total;j++)
             {
                 if(strcmp(s,equip[j].equipType) == )
                 {
                     count++;
                 }
             }
             printf("%s类型的实验仪器有%d台\n",s,count);
             break;
         case :
             printf("please input the equipName:\n");
             gets(s);
             for(j = ;j < total - ;j++)
             {
                 for(k = ;k < total;k++)
                 {
                     if(strcmp(temp,equip[j].equipName) < )
                     {
                         strcpy(temp, equip[k].equipName);
                         strcpy(equip[k].equipName, equip[j].equipName);
                         strcpy(equip[j].equipName, temp);
                     }
                 }
             }
             for(j = ;j < total;j++)
             {
                 if(strcmp(s,equip[j].equipName) == )
                 {
                     count++;
                 }
             }
             printf("%s名称的仪器有%d台\n",s,count);
             break;
         case :
             printf("please input the buyDate:\n");
             gets(s);
             for(j = ;j < total - ;j++)
             {
                 for(k = ;k < total;k++)
                 {
                     if(strcmp(s, equip[j].buyDate) < )
                     {
                         strcpy(temp, equip[k].buyDate);
                         strcpy(equip[k].buyDate, equip[j].buyDate);
                         strcpy(equip[j].buyDate, temp);
                     }
                 }
             }
             for(j = ;j < total;j++)
             {
                 if(strcmp(s,equip[j].buyDate) == )
                 {
                     count++;
                 }
             }
             printf("%s日期购买的仪器有%d台\n",s,count);
             break;
         default:
             printf("INPUT ERROR !\n");
     }
     printf("press 0 to exit or other key to return menu:\n");
     scanf(" %c",&a);
     return a;
 }
 int Searchinfor()
 {
     int n,m,k;
     char a;
     FILE *fp;
     printf("*************************************\n");
     printf("*****\t[1]  按设备编号查询\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[2]  按设备种类查询\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[3]  按设备名称查询\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[4]  按设备购入日期查询\t*****\n");
     printf("*****\t[5]  按设备状态查询\t*****\n");
     printf("*************************************\n");
     printf("请输入所需要的查询方式：");
     scanf("%d",&n);
     getchar();
     if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","r")) == NULL)
     {
         printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
         exit();
     }
     for(k = ;!feof(fp);k++)
     {
         fread(&equip[k], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
     }
     int j,flag,sc;
     switch(n)
     {
         case :
             flag = ;
             char code[N];
             printf("please input the equipCode:");
             gets(code);
             for(j = ;j < k-;j++)
             {
                 if(strcmp(equip[j].equipCode, code) == )
                 {
                     printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n",equip[j].equipCode, equip[j].equipType, equip[j].equipName, equip[j].equipPrice, equip[j].buyDate, equip[j].scrap, equip[j].scrapDate);
                     flag = ;
                 }
             }
             if(!flag)
                 printf("not find !");
             break;
         case :
             flag = ;
             char type[N];
             printf("please input the equipType:");
             gets(type);
             for(j = ;j < k-;j++)
             {
                 if(strcmp(equip[j].equipType, type) == )
                 {
                     printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n",equip[j].equipCode, equip[j].equipType, equip[j].equipName, equip[j].equipPrice, equip[j].buyDate, equip[j].scrap, equip[j].scrapDate);
                     flag = ;
                 }
             }
             if(!flag)
                 printf("not find !");
             break;
         case :
             flag = ;
             char name[N];
             printf("please input the equipName:");
             gets(name);
             for(j = ;j < k-;j++)
             {
                 if(strcmp(equip[j].equipName, name) == )
                 {
                     printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n",equip[j].equipCode, equip[j].equipType, equip[j].equipName, equip[j].equipPrice, equip[j].buyDate, equip[j].scrap, equip[j].scrapDate);
                     flag = ;
                 }
             }
             if(!flag)
                 printf("not find !");
             break;
         case :
             flag = ;
             char date[N];
             printf("please input the buyDate:");
             gets(date);
             for(j = ;j < k-;j++)
             {
                 if(strcmp(equip[j].buyDate, date) == )
                 {
                     printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n",equip[j].equipCode, equip[j].equipType, equip[j].equipName, equip[j].equipPrice, equip[j].buyDate, equip[j].scrap, equip[j].scrapDate);
                     flag = ;
                 }
             }
             if(!flag)
                 printf("not find !");
             break;
         case :
             flag = ;
             printf("please input the scrap:");
             scanf("%d",&sc);
             for(j = ;j < k-;j++)
             {
                 if(equip[j].scrap == sc)
                 {
                     printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\t%s\n",equip[j].equipCode, equip[j].equipType, equip[j].equipName, equip[j].equipPrice, equip[j].buyDate, equip[j].scrap, equip[j].scrapDate);
                     flag = ;
                 }
             }
             if(!flag)
                 printf("not find !\n");
             break;
         default:
             printf("INPUT ERROR !");
     }
     printf("press 0 to exit or other key to return menu\n");
     scanf(" %c",&a);
     return a;
 }
 int Deleteinfor()
 {
     FILE *fp;
     int k,j,a,b,l;
     char c;
     char code[];
     getchar();
     printf("please input the equipCode of the equipment which you want to delete:\n");
     gets(code);
     if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","r")) == NULL)
     {
         printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
         exit();
     }
     for(k = ;!feof(fp);k++)
     {
         fread(&equip[k], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
     }
     for(j = ;j < k;j++)
     {
         a = strcmp(equip[j].equipCode,code);
         if(a == )
         {
             b = j;
             break;
         }
     }
     fclose(fp);
     if(j == k)
     {
         printf("INPUT ERROR !\nDon't find the code !\n");
     }
     else
     {
         if((fp = fopen("equipInfor.txt","w")) == NULL)
         {
             printf("Failure to open equipInfor.txt!\n");
             exit();
         }
         for(l = ;l < b;l++)
             fwrite(&equip[l], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
         for(l = b+;l < k-;l++)
             fwrite(&equip[l], sizeof(EquInfo), , fp);
         fclose(fp);
         printf("DELETE SUCCESSFULLY !\n");
     }
     printf("press 0 to exit or other key to return menu:\n");
     scanf(" %c",&c);
     return a;
 }