马婕 2014MBA专硕考试 报刊选读 3 禽流感考验政府的透明度(转)

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_3e66af4601015z0n.html

Bird flu cases test government transparency

禽流感疫情考验政府的透明度

According to China's health authorities, two Shanghai men have died from H7N9 bird flu and one woman from Anhui Province and another four from Jiangsu Province have also been confirmed to beinfected with the disease. As this year is the 10th anniversary of the SARS epidemic, people'sattention and vigilance are concentrated on this lesser-known type of bird flu. The public health crisis of a decade ago became a turning point in many aspects, such as China's disease control and government information disclosure mechanism. China has learned a lesson from the great losses it suffered from that crisis.

据中国卫生部门称，两名上海男性死于H7N9禽流感，安徽的一名女性以及江苏的四人也被确认感染禽流感。由于今年是SARS疫情的10周年，所以人们的注意力和警惕性都集中在这种鲜为人知的禽流感。十年前的公共卫生危机在很多方面都是一个转折点，比如，中国的疾病控制以及政府信息公开的机制方面。在SARS期间，中国遭受了绝大的损失，中国也从中汲取了教训

词汇解析

case  病例，案例

transfer sb. to another position                                               调动

~ the luggage to another car                                            转移

transmit disease/signal   --------------------------transmission               传播，传送

transact business over phone   ------------------------------------transaction          交易

Transport the goods---------------------------------------------------transportation   交通

Transform the house into an office/our daily life   改变

Transplant the kidney from one twin to another

Transparent transaction 透明的交易----transparency 透明度

Author  作者，创造者

authority 1 当局，官方

This provided a pretext for the authorities to cancel the elections...

这给当局取消此次选举提供了借口。

2 权威，威信

He had no natural authority and no capacity for imposing his will on others.

他天生缺乏威信，根本没有能力把他的意志强加于人。

conform (to) to the demand of society                                         符合

~ to the interest of students                                          迎合

confirm the news/ guess/ suspicion                                      确证，证实

affirm one's loyalty to one's country                                           断言

reform the society                                                         改革

~ the criminal

Resist the infectious/contagious disease   Bird flu/swine flu/SARS/super-virus

抵制传染性疾病  禽流感、猪流感、超级病毒

Close ----disclose 揭露，公开 n  disclosure

Neither side would disclose the details of transaction.双方都不肯公开交易细节

The company disclosed that he would retire in June. 公司透露他将在六月退休

Defense mechanism  防御机制

It would have been unbelievable 10 years ago for the government to take the initiative to publish the facts about the epidemic. The government tried to hide the true extent of the SARSoutbreak until the situation could not have been worse. After the outbreak, local governments began reforms on information disclosure and the central government introduced Open Government Information Regulations. Such achievements have been made with great difficulties.

在十年前，政府主动去公开疫情事实是件不可思议的事情。直到情况十分糟糕，政府还在试图隐瞒SARS疫情的真实程度。疫情发生后，当地政府开始在信息披露公开方面进行了改革，中央政府也出台了政府信息公开条例。克服了巨大困难才取得了这些成就。

词汇解析

Take the initiative  主动，采取行动，倡导

Eg You take the initiative to go to act as a teacher passing on knowledge.

你带头去当老师传授知识吧

Epidemic 流行病，传播很快  The bird flu epidemic is sweeping through China.

Break out 爆发----outbreak n 爆发

Set out 出发，启程-----outset 开端

Look out -----outlook 前景

Come out 说出，讲出 ----outcome  结果

Information disclosure 信息披露

But reforms on governmental information disclosure are far from complete. In the past decade, China suffered from various losses due to a lack of transparency of information and witnessedmany crises. The Internet has played a larger role in promoting information disclosure. The government has acknowledged the public's right to know, but meanwhile, it is still in a passiveposition in making information public. The past model in which reforms are undertaken from top to bottom has come to an end. China's future reforms need efforts from all walks of life. Looking back, we can see the government came under public scrutiny for being opaque. The public's criticism of the government has pushed a transparent system forward.

但是中国政府在信息披露方面的改革远远不够完善。在过去的十年，由于信息缺乏透明度，中国遭受了各种损失，也目睹了了很多危机。网络在促进信息披露方面起到了更大的作用。政府已经承认公众的知情权，但是与此同时，政府在公开信息方面是出于被动的地位。过去从，头到尾改革模式已经结束了。中国未来的改革需要各行业的努力。回顾过去，我们可以看出政府在公众监督下是不透明的，公众的批判促使政府走向一个透明的制度。

词汇解析

Far from  远远不是，远非，差得远，完全不

Magritte is far from unique. Magritte 完全不是个独特的人。

It is far from a smooth process. 这一过程远非一帆风顺。

Vary 因….而不同  People’s views vary from person to person 人们的观点各不相同。

Various 各种各样的----- a variety of

Eg People change their mind for a variety of reasons. 人们因为各种原因改变想法

Be due to 由于 Due to his carelessness, he failed the exam。由于粗心，考试没有通过。

Lackn/vt  缺乏，缺少Despite his lack of experience, he got the job as a manager.

尽管缺乏经验，但他还是得到了这份工作。

Witness 目击者，见证eg Anyone who witness the attack can call the police

Evidence 证据

Promote 1 推动，促进You don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economy.

你不必为了推动经济牺牲环境保护

2 Promote sales 促销

3 Promote 升职 We pursue a master’s degree in order to get a quick promotion and a pay rise

我们修硕士学位的目的是为了升职加薪

Acknowledge1 承认 He is acknowledged as an excellent goalkeeper.

他是大家公认的出色守门员

2 致谢-----acknowledgement 鸣谢，致谢

He acknowledged the applause with a small bow.他微微鞠躬表示感谢

Passive 被动的active 主动的

Positive 积极的  negative 消极的

Come to a halt 停止  come to an end 结束

Critic 评论家

Criticize 批评，指责 Don’t criticize the performance of the athletes and the coaches.

不要批评运动员和教练的表现

Criticism 批评，Her impoliteness attracted a great deal of criticism。

Critical1  批判的

Eg  His attitude towards the policy adopted by the American government is critical.

2 危险的  危急的eg Ten of the injured are said to be critical.十名伤者情况危急

3 关键的 The incident happened at a critical point of the campaign.

Under scrutiny 受到审查

Eg More than a dozen banks and brokerage firms remain under scrutiny.

十几家银行和经纪机构仍然受到密切关注

But we shouldn't say the current government is not doing its job. Public opinion presses the government, and that's how democracy emerges. Improvements by the country can hardlycatch up with the demands of the public, despite the country's efforts. Whether China can achieve harmonyin terms of its politics depends on what consensus society reaches on the quality ofinteraction between the government and the public. While the government has the determination for reforms, the public's calls are much louder. China can hardly achieve a universal consensus nowadays, but it should be able to see achievements in its reforms and ensure national unity.

但是我们不能说目前的政府没有履行自己的职责。公众的舆论会给政府施加压力，这就是民主是如何出现的。尽管国家做出努力，该国的改善几乎赶不上公众的需求。在政治方面，中国能否发到和谐取决于公众和政府在互动的质量上达成什么样的共识。尽管政府下决心进行改革，但是公众的呼声更大。中国今天还几乎没有达到普遍的共识，但是我们还是能看到改革方面所取得的成就，并确保民族统一。

词汇解析

Currentn 趋势，水流，电流 The Mexican Current 墨西哥暖流

Adj 目前的 最近的  current fashion 流行时尚

Press----pressure  under great pressure 处于压力下

Democracyn 民主   democratic 民主的

Eg My father always believed in freedom and democracy.

我父亲总是相信自由和民主

Emerge 出现，浮现，兴起  emerging economies 新兴经济体

Vietnam has emerged as the world's third-biggest rice exporter...越南已跃居世界第三大稻米出口国。

Harmony 和谐---harmonious adj 和谐的

Human beings should live in harmony with the nature.人类和自然和谐相处

Consensus 共识consent n/vi 同意

Universe 宇宙----universal  普遍的 全体的，通用的

Love is a universal topic in our life.