Mono+Jexus部署C# MVC的各种坑

　　如果你看到这篇文章，先别急着动手，过完一遍，确定是你要的再动手。

　　别人提到的这里不赘述，只说查了好久才知道的。

1号坑：System.IO.FileNotFoundException Could not find file "roslyn\csc.exe".
详细信息如下：

System.IO.FileNotFoundException
Could not find file "/var/www/defalut/bin\roslyn\csc.exe".

Description: HTTP .Error processing request.

Details: Non-web exception. Exception origin (name of application or object): mscorlib.
Exception stack trace:
  at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share, Int32 bufferSize, Boolean anonymous, FileOptions options) <0x41aaab70 + 0x006e7> in     <filename unknown>:
  at System.IO.FileStream..ctor (System.String path, FileMode mode, FileAccess access, FileShare share) <0x41bba470 + 0x00053> in <filename unknown>:
  at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.IO.FileStream:.ctor (string,System.IO.FileMode,System.IO.FileAccess,System.IO.FileShare)
  at System.IO.File.OpenRead (System.String path) <0x41bc4b50 + 0x0003f> in <filename unknown>:
  at Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.Compiler.get_CompilerName () <0x41e0fb40 + 0x00086> in <filename unknown>:
  at Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.Compiler.FromFileBatch (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerParameters options, System.String[] fileNames) <0x41e1d600 + 0x005ce> in     <filename unknown>: 

只贴其中的一部分，但是大致一看也能看出路径有问题，问题的原因：

http://www.mono-project.com/docs/advanced/iomap/

Mono官方网站给出的解释及解决方案如下：

The Problem

Windows developers are used to a case-insensitive file system, which means that they might create a file called “mydata” in one place, and try to access it somewhere else as “MyData” or as “MYDATA”. This breaks on most Unix setups because Unix is case sensitive[1].

Another problem is that developers sometimes hardcode the directory separator character in their source code (“\”) instead of using Path.DirectorySeparator and using Path.Combine for combining this paths. This is a problem because “\” is a valid file name components on Unix. This means that if an application hardcodes for example “Logs\access_log”, in Unix this will not store the contents in the “Logs” directory as the file “access_log”. Instead, it will store the results in a file called “Logs\access_log”.

Only a few applications cope with drive letters, but they might still pose a problem as the colon is a valid filename in Unix, which means that “A:\file” is a valid filename in the current directory.

Although .NET provides the tools to write code that is portable, in practice, they do not use these features (the exception is Path.Combine, which some people use, as it is genuinely useful on its own).

The Usual Solution

When moving applications from Windows to Linux, it is always necessary to run the application, run its test suite, and validate that the application works as intended. With the path problems described above, the process above included a number of iterations to fix the assumptions made by programmers about the file system.

This process could be time consuming, because identifying where the mistakes were made could take some time, the program might fail with FileNotFound exceptions (when referencing files that were not there), data would show up empty (listing contents of a directory that had nothing, as all the data went elsewhere) but it was doable.

This process works as long as you have the source code to all the components that you are porting, but if you were using a third-party library that you had no source code for, you would not be able to fix the problems.

The New Solution

Mono now has a portability layer into Mono that will address those problems without requiring changes to your code. This will remove a large component of the porting cycle as a whole class of obnoxious problems are gone.

The new portability framework is enabled by setting the environment variable MONO_IOMAP (which we will likely rename to something shorter) to one of the following values:

• case: makes all file system access case insensitive.
• drive: strips drive name from pathnames.
• all: enables both case and drive.

In addition, if any of those options are enabled, the directory separator mapping is also turned on. So this basically means that you have to type this, or include this in your script that launches your application:

   $ export MONO_IOMAP=all
   $ mono myapp.exe

For ASP.NET applications hosted with mod_mono, you can add the following directive to your Apache configuration file:

 MonoSetEnv MONO_IOMAP=all

This new feature appeared in Mono 1.1.18 and is available in all new Mono 1.2.x versions as well.

The downside is that Mono will have to do some extra work when coping with your file system, to search for case insensitive file names. So if your application is still a portable application, you will be much better off without this switch.

[1] Some Linux file systems are case insensitive, and some folks have used a combination of hacks, including doing loopback CIFS mounts to get case sensitivity issues out of the way; OS X does not have this particular problem, but it still has the others.

2号坑：System.InvalidOperationException  Process has not been started.

详细信息如下:

Description: HTTP .Error processing request.
Details: Non-web exception. Exception origin (name of application or object): System.
Exception stack trace:
  at System.Diagnostics.Process.get_ExitCode () <0x414b69b0 + 0x000a3> in <filename unknown>:
  at (wrapper remoting-invoke-with-check) System.Diagnostics.Process:get_ExitCode ()
  at System.CodeDom.Compiler.Executor.InternalExecWaitWithCapture (System.String cmd, System.String currentDir, System.CodeDom.Compiler.TempFileCollection tempFiles, System.String& outputName, System.String& errorName) <0x414b3ec0 + 0x00403> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.CodeDom.Compiler.Executor.ExecWaitWithCapture (IntPtr userToken, System.String cmd, System.String currentDir, System.CodeDom.Compiler.TempFileCollection tempFiles, System.String& outputName, System.String& errorName) <0x414b3c00 + 0x00057> in <filename unknown>:
  at Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.Compiler.Compile (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerParameters options, System.String compilerFullPath, System.String arguments, System.String& outputFile, System.Int32& nativeReturnValue) <0x414b37e0 + 0x0010b> in <filename unknown>:
  at Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.Compiler.FromFileBatch (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerParameters options, System.String[] fileNames) <0x414b03e0 + 0x005ef> in <filename unknown>:
  at Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.Compiler.CompileAssemblyFromFileBatch (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerParameters options, System.String[] fileNames) <0x414b0250 + 0x000c7> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.CodeDom.Compiler.CodeDomProvider.CompileAssemblyFromFile (System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerParameters options, System.String[] fileNames) <0x414b00b0 + 0x00049> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Compilation.AssemblyBuilder.BuildAssembly (System.Web.VirtualPath virtualPath, System.CodeDom.Compiler.CompilerParameters options) <0x4149bd40 + 0x00979> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Compilation.AssemblyBuilder.BuildAssembly (System.Web.VirtualPath virtualPath) <0x4149bd00 + 0x00023> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GenerateAssembly (System.Web.Compilation.AssemblyBuilder abuilder, System.Web.Compilation.BuildProviderGroup group, System.Web.VirtualPath vp, Boolean debug) <0x414913e0 + 0x0097b> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.BuildInner (System.Web.VirtualPath vp, Boolean debug) <0x41444aa0 + 0x0050b> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.Build (System.Web.VirtualPath vp) <0x41444520 + 0x000ff> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetCompiledType (System.Web.VirtualPath virtualPath) <0x41443e20 + 0x0008f> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Compilation.BuildManager.GetCompiledType (System.String virtualPath) <0x41443a50 + 0x00017> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.HttpApplicationFactory.InitType (System.Web.HttpContext context) <0x413dd430 + 0x003f3> in <filename unknown>: 

我这里只是创建的一个简单的MVC Demo，接下来需要做的几件事。其实这样做完上面的两个问题都不会遇到。

Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.5.2.
修改为
Microsoft.AspNet.Mvc.4.0.

Microsoft.AspNet.Razor.3.2.
修改为
Microsoft.AspNet.Razor.2.0.
此时
Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.3.2.
会自动替换为
Microsoft.AspNet.WebPages.2.0.

卸载
Microsoft.CodeDom.Providers.DotNetCompilerPlatform.1.0.

项目中的Web.config需要作的修改（修改版本信息，要与项目引用的一致。）
System.Web.Razor
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0"/>

System.Web.WebPages.Razor
<bindingRedirect oldVersion="0.0.0.0-2.0.0.0" newVersion="2.0.0.0"/>

Views下的Web.config需要作的修改（修改版本信息，要与项目引用的一致。）

<sectionGroup name="system.web.webPages.razor" type="System.Web.WebPages.Razor.Configuration.RazorWebSectionGroup, System.Web.WebPages.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35"> <section name="host" type="System.Web.WebPages.Razor.Configuration.HostSection, System.Web.WebPages.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" /> <section name="pages" type="System.Web.WebPages.Razor.Configuration.RazorPagesSection, System.Web.WebPages.Razor, Version=2.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" requirePermission="false" /> </sectionGroup> <host factoryType="System.Web.Mvc.MvcWebRazorHostFactory, System.Web.Mvc, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" /> <add assembly="System.Web.Mvc, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31BF3856AD364E35" />

点击Demo下载。

部署复杂的项目依然问题多多，路漫漫···

System.DllNotFoundException
libdl
Description: HTTP 500.Error processing request.
Details: Non-web exception.
Exception stack trace:
  at (wrapper managed-to-native) ZeroMQ.lib.Platform+Posix:dlopen (intptr,int)
  at ZeroMQ.lib.Platform+Posix.OpenHandle (System.String fileName) <0x41ad8800 + 0x00027> in <filename unknown>:0
  at ZeroMQ.lib.Platform+Posix.LoadUnmanagedLibrary (System.String libraryName) <0x41ad8070 + 0x001e7> in <filename unknown>:0
  at ZeroMQ.lib.zmq..cctor () <0x41ad6000 + 0x01070> in <filename unknown>:0 

宇内大大指点在mono的配置文件/etc/mono/config中添加一行：

<dllmap dll="libdl" target="libdl.so.2" os="!windows"/>

这个问题就过了，接下来的新问题：

System.DllNotFoundException
libzmq.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

Description: HTTP 500.Error processing request.
Details: Non-web exception.
Exception stack trace:

在容器中先后找到libzmq.so的文件和将要放置的位置

root@0780a91692aa:/# find / -name libzmq.so
/var/www/mvc/bin/amd64/libzmq.so
/var/www/mvc/bin/i386/libzmq.so
root@0780a91692aa:/# find / -name libdl.so.2
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2
root@0780a91692aa:/# cp /var/www/mvc/bin/amd64/libzmq.so /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
root@0780a91692aa:/# ldconfig
root@0780a91692aa:/# find / -name libzmq.so
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzmq.so
/var/www/mvc/bin/amd64/libzmq.so
/var/www/mvc/bin/i386/libzmq.so
root@0780a91692aa:/# /usr/jexus/jws restart
Restarting ... OK

发现问题又变了，也就是这关算过了

System.DllNotFoundException
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.15' not found (required by /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libzmq.so)

Description: HTTP 500.Error processing request.
Details: Non-web exception.
Exception stack trace:

先查看一下容器中系统的ldd版本

root@0780a91692aa:/# ldd --version
ldd (Debian EGLIBC 2.13-38+deb7u10) 2.13
Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.

发现比要求的版本要低，尝试升级系统

root@0780a91692aa:/# apt-get update
Hit http://download.mono-project.com wheezy/snapshots/4.2.3.4 Release.gpg
Hit http://download.mono-project.com wheezy/snapshots/4.2.3.4 Release
Hit http://download.mono-project.com wheezy/snapshots/4.2.3.4/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org wheezy Release.gpg
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org wheezy-updates Release.gpg
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org wheezy Release
Hit http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates Release.gpg
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org wheezy-updates Release
Hit http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates Release
Hit http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org wheezy/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://httpredir.debian.org wheezy-updates/main amd64 Packages
Reading package lists... Done
W: Conflicting distribution: http://download.mono-project.com wheezy/snapshots/4.2.3.4 Release (expected wheezy/snapshots but got wheezy)
root@0780a91692aa:/# apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
root@0780a91692aa:/# apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
root@0780a91692aa:/# ldd --version
ldd (Debian EGLIBC 2.13-38+deb7u10) 2.13
Copyright (C) 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.

发现ldd的版本并没有发生改变，叼了···宇内大大的意思是在debian7中重新编译 zeroQM。我不知道怎么搞，直接重新构建个新镜像得了。Dockerfile内容如下：

FROM ubuntu:14.04

MAINTAINER Mongo <willem@xcloudbiz.com>

RUN apt-get update \
        && apt-get install -y curl \
        && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF

RUN echo "deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy-apache24-compat main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/source$
        && sudo apt-get update \
        && apt-get install -y mono-devel \
        && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

RUN cd /opt
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get -y upgrade
RUN apt-get -y install wget
RUN wget linuxdot.net/down/jexus-5.8.1.tar.gz
RUN tar -zxvf jexus-5.8.1.tar.gz
RUN ./jexus-5.8.1/install
RUN rm jexus-5.8.1.tar.gz

ENV SITE_CONF /usr/jexus/siteconf

COPY default $SITE_CONF/default

EXPOSE 80

RUN apt-get -y install vim
#CMD /usr/jexus/jws start && tail -f

结果

···
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.7) ...
 ---> 95aa70915ed3
Removing intermediate container 4dcdd097c9df
Successfully built 95aa70915ed3

跑起来又是坑

System.MissingMethodException
Method not found: 'System.Web.HttpApplication.RegisterModule'.

Description: HTTP .Error processing request.
Details: Non-web exception. Exception origin (name of application or object): mscorlib.
Exception stack trace:
  at (wrapper managed-to-native) System.Reflection.MonoMethod:InternalInvoke (System.Reflection.MonoMethod,object,object[],System.Exception&)
  at System.Reflection.MonoMethod.Invoke (System.Object obj, BindingFlags invokeAttr, System.Reflection.Binder binder, System.Object[] parameters, System.Globalization.CultureInfo culture) [0x00000] in <filename unknown>: 

经过查找资料才发现这是Mono早期版本的BUG，而查看了一下通过Dockerfile安装的mono版本才发现是3.2.8，看来需要修改下Dockerfile了。

FROM ubuntu:14.04

MAINTAINER Mongo <willem@xcloudbiz.com>

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get -y upgrade
RUN sudo apt-get -y install build-essential automake autoconf bison gettext libtool libgli$
RUN sudo apt-get -y install libgif-dev libtiff4-dev libpng12-dev libexif-dev libx11-dev li$

RUN cd /opt
RUN apt-get -y install wget
RUN wget http://download.mono-project.com/sources/mono/mono-4.4.0.122.tar.bz2
RUN tar jxvf mono-4.4.0.122.tar.bz2
RUN cd mono-4.4. && ./configure --prefix=/usr && make && make install

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get -y upgrade
RUN wget linuxdot.net/down/jexus-5.8..tar.gz
RUN tar -zxvf jexus-5.8..tar.gz
RUN ./jexus-5.8./install
RUN rm jexus-5.8..tar.gz

ENV SITE_CONF /usr/jexus/siteconf

COPY default $SITE_CONF/default

EXPOSE 

#RUN apt-get autoremove -y --purge build-essential automake autoconf bison gettext libtool$

RUN apt-get -y install vim
#CMD /usr/jexus/jws start && tail -f

结尾类似下面就代表成功了。

···
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/ex (ex) in auto mode
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/vim.basic to provide /usr/bin/editor (editor) in auto mode
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.) ...
 ---> 48d13a183661
Removing intermediate container 8b7d3f4b1198
Successfully built 48d13a183661

但是运行起来又有了新问题：

System.InvalidOperationException
The view 'Index' or its master was not found or no view engine supports the searched locations. The following locations were searched:
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Help/Index.aspx
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Help/Index.ascx
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Shared/Index.aspx
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Shared/Index.ascx
~/Views/Help/Index.aspx
~/Views/Help/Index.ascx
~/Views/Shared/Index.aspx
~/Views/Shared/Index.ascx
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Help/Index.cshtml
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Help/Index.vbhtml
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Shared/Index.cshtml
~/Areas/HelpPage/Views/Shared/Index.vbhtml
~/Views/Help/Index.cshtml
~/Views/Help/Index.vbhtml
~/Views/Shared/Index.cshtml
~/Views/Shared/Index.vbhtml

Description: HTTP .Error processing request.
Details: Non-web exception. Exception origin (name of application or object): System.Web.Mvc.
Exception stack trace:
  at System.Web.Mvc.ViewResult.FindView (System.Web.Mvc.ControllerContext context) <0x4086a8e0 + 0x002fb> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Mvc.ViewResultBase.ExecuteResult (System.Web.Mvc.ControllerContext context) <0x4086a630 + 0x000fc> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionResult (System.Web.Mvc.ControllerContext controllerContext, System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult actionResult) <0x4083a390 + 0x0001d> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker+<>c__DisplayClass1a.<InvokeActionResultWithFilters>b__17 () <0x4083a310 + 0x0001f> in <filename unknown>:
  at System.Web.Mvc.ControllerActionInvoker.InvokeActionResultFilter (IResultFilter filter, System.Web.Mvc.ResultExecutingContext preContext, System.Func` continuation) <0x4083a030 + 0x000d7> in <filename unknown>: 

待续···