Linux 下从头再走 GTK+-3.0 (一)

　　原本由于项目需求在 Linux 下学习过一段时间的 GTK+2.0 图形开发，时隔一段时间，想真正深入学习一下 GTK 。

这次直接从头学习 GTK+-3.0 ，并写下博文便于日后查看，也方便新手入门。

　　安装环境参考：

　　　　Fedora：http://www.cnblogs.com/watsonlong/archive/2011/04/06/2006989.html

　　　　Ubuntu：http://www.cnblogs.com/niocai/archive/2011/07/15/2107472.html

　　　　Arch    ：直接执行 sudo pacman -S gtk3 即可。

　　注意采用的是GTK3，上文中大部分是GTK2，注意同样的方式安装GTK3。

　

　首先学习到的便是创建一个空白的窗口。我们创建一个名为 example.c 的源文件。内容如下

 #include <gtk/gtk.h>            //每个GTK程序都要包含的头文件，里面申明了很多类型，函数原型等

 static void activate (GtkApplication *app , gpointer data)
 {
     GtkWidget *window;                                                                                        //申明一个窗口

     window = gtk_application_window_new(app);                                           //为app创建一个窗口

     gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window) , "Application");              //设置窗口的标题
    gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window) ,  , );    //设置窗口默认大小为长宽各200像素
    gtk_widget_show_all(window);                                                                      //显示窗口
 }

 int main(int argc , char **argv)  //主函数
 {
     GtkApplication *app;          //申明创建一个 GtkApplicatin对象名为app
     int app_status;               //用于拿到app 运行结束后的返回值

     app = gtk_application_new("org.rain.gtk" , G_APPLICATION_FLAGS_NONE);  //创建一个application
     g_signal_connect(app , "activate" , G_CALLBACK(activate) , NULL);      //连接信号，初始化app时，调用 activate 函数
     app_status = g_application_run(G_APPLICATION(app) , argc , argv);      //运行app

     g_object_unref(app);                                                  //销毁app

     return app_status;
 }

　　如下方式编译源文件，并执行生成的example可执行文件。

gcc example.c `pkg-config --cflags --libs gtk+-3.0` -Wall -o example
./example

　　运行结果如下：

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" 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