Oracle管理监控之如何对数据库进行监控检查

oracle自动工作负载库（AWR）：采集与性能相关的统计数据，并从统计的数据中导出性能量度，以跟踪数据库潜在的问题。

如何生成oracle数据库的自动负载库报告。

手工生成一份oracle数据库的快照：

SQL>execute dbms_workload_repository.create_snapshot();

oracle自动负载库的sql脚本一般位于$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin目录下，文件名为awrrpt.sql,如下图所示：

执行oracle自动工作负载库的sql脚本：

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/awrrpt.sql

其中“@”表示在oracle的命令窗口中执行SQL脚本，而“？”表示$ORACLE_HOME目录。

根据提示输入自动负载库的类型，默认是html格式，可以输入txt格式。

选择要分析哪天的数据库性能，如果输入1，将会列出当天的数据库快照和对应的时间点，如果输入2，将会列出最近两天的数据库快照和对应的时间点，以此类推。咱们这里输入2，如下图：

选择一个开始和一个结束的快照号，这两个快照号的时间段内数据库不能重启过。

按提示进行操作，生成报告后输入：exit退出数据库。

SQL>exit

使用ftp工具将linux下的报告传到windows下打开。

oracle数据库自动负载报告如下：

WORKLOAD REPOSITORY report for

DB Name	DB Id	Instance	Inst num	Startup Time	Release	RAC
ORCL	1384228360	orcl	1	17-Sep-14 11:09	11.2.0.1.0	NO

Host Name	Platform	CPUs	Cores	Sockets	Memory (GB)
localhost.localdomain	Linux IA (32-bit)	2	2	1	1.98

	Snap Id	Snap Time	Sessions	Cursors/Session
Begin Snap:	13	17-Sep-14 12:00:57	27	1.6
End Snap:	14	17-Sep-14 13:00:23	29	1.3
Elapsed:		59.43 (mins)
DB Time:		1.22 (mins)

Report Summary

Cache Sizes

	Begin	End
Buffer Cache:	324M	324M	Std Block Size:	8K
Shared Pool Size:	144M	144M	Log Buffer:	5,012K

Load Profile

	Per Second	Per Transaction	Per Exec	Per Call
DB Time(s):	0.0	0.2	0.01	0.07
DB CPU(s):	0.0	0.0	0.00	0.01
Redo size:	737.2	7,917.8
Logical reads:	22.2	237.9
Block changes:	2.8	30.2
Physical reads:	0.2	2.5
Physical writes:	0.2	2.6
User calls:	0.3	3.3
Parses:	2.1	22.3
Hard parses:	0.0	0.4
W/A MB processed:	0.0	0.2
Logons:	0.1	0.6
Executes:	3.6	38.5
Rollbacks:	0.0	0.0
Transactions:	0.1

Instance Efficiency Percentages (Target 100%)

Buffer Nowait %:	99.99	Redo NoWait %:	100.00
Buffer Hit %:	98.95	In-memory Sort %:	100.00
Library Hit %:	96.22	Soft Parse %:	98.22
Execute to Parse %:	42.02	Latch Hit %:	99.99
Parse CPU to Parse Elapsd %:	100.95	% Non-Parse CPU:	92.74

Shared Pool Statistics

	Begin	End
Memory Usage %:	73.00	79.85
% SQL with executions>1:	56.93	82.26
% Memory for SQL w/exec>1:	51.68	71.33

Top 5 Timed Foreground Events

Event	Waits	Time(s)	Avg wait (ms)	% DB time	Wait Class
DB CPU		15		19.90
log file sync	67	2	23	2.09	Commit
db file sequential read	28	0	2	0.09	User I/O
switch logfile command	1	0	38	0.05	Administrative
asynch descriptor resize	7,534	0	0	0.03	Other

Host CPU (CPUs: 2 Cores: 2 Sockets: 1)

Load Average Begin	Load Average End	%User	%System	%WIO	%Idle
0.05	0.00	0.3	0.2	0.6	95.2

Instance CPU

%Total CPU	%Busy CPU	%DB time waiting for CPU (Resource Manager)
0.3	7.3	0.0

Memory Statistics

	Begin	End
Host Mem (MB):	2,026.8	2,026.8
SGA use (MB):	484.0	484.0
PGA use (MB):	49.4	53.8
% Host Mem used for SGA+PGA:	26.32	26.53

oracle数据库的自动诊断工具（ADDM）

oracle数据库自动诊断报告脚本一般位于$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/目录下，文件名为addmrpt.sql

如何生成一个oracle数据库自动诊断报告：

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/addmrpt.sql

按要求一步一步执行即可，最后通过ftp工具将报告传到windows下进行查看。

oracle自动诊断文档内容如下：

ADDM Report for Task 'TASK_53'

------------------------------

Analysis Period

---------------

AWR snapshot range from 13 to 14.

Time period starts at 17-SEP-14 12.00.58 PM

Time period ends at 17-SEP-14 01.00.24 PM

Analysis Target

---------------

Database 'ORCL' with DB ID 1384228360.

Database version 11.2.0.1.0.

ADDM performed an analysis of instance orcl, numbered 1 and hosted at

localhost.localdomain.

Activity During the Analysis Period

-----------------------------------

Total database time was 73 seconds.

The average number of active sessions was .02.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

There are no findings to report.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Additional Information

----------------------

Miscellaneous Information

-------------------------

There was no significant database activity to run the ADDM.

注意：报告的具体说明，详见书。