一、简介

二、环境介绍

三、后端服务器安装配置

四、安装论坛

五、安装配置前端Nginx服务器

六、验证服务

一、Tomcat简介

Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成。由于有了Sun 的参与和支持，最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat 中得到体现，Tomcat 5 支持最新的Servlet 2.4 和JSP 2.0 规范。因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，而且免费，因而深受Java 爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。目前最新版本是8.0

Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说，可以这样认为，当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器，可利用它响应对HTML 页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat 部分是Apache 服务器的扩展，但它是独立运行的，所以当你运行tomcat 时，它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的

当配置正确时，Apache 为HTML页面服务，而Tomcat 实际上运行JSP 页面和Servlet。另外，Tomcat和IIS、Apache等Web服务器一样，具有处理HTML页面的功能，另外它还是一个Servlet和JSP容器，独立的Servlet容器是Tomcat的默认模式。不过，Tomcat处理静态HTML的能力不如Apache服务器。目前Tomcat最新版本为8.0.0-RC3 (alpha) Released

Tomcat 很受广大程序员的喜欢，因为它运行时占用的系统资源小，扩展性好，支持负载平衡与邮件服务等开发应用系统常用的功能；而且它还在不断的改进和完善中，任何一个感兴趣的程序员都可以更改它或在其中加入新的功能

Tomcat最初是由Sun的软件构架师詹姆斯·邓肯·戴维森开发的。后来他帮助将其变为开源项目，并由Sun贡献给Apache软件基金会。由于大部分开源项目O'Reilly都会出一本相关的书，并且将其封面设计成某个动物的素描，因此他希望将此项目以一个动物的名字命名。因为他希望这种动物能够自己照顾自己，最终，他将其命名为Tomcat（英语公猫或其他雄性猫科动物）。而O'Reilly出版的介绍Tomcat的书籍（ISBN 0-596-00318-8）[1]的封面也被设计成了一个公猫的形象。而Tomcat的Logo兼吉祥物也被设计成了一只公猫

二、环境介绍

系统版本： CentOS 6.4_x86_64

Nginx版本： nginx-1.4.2 点此下载

JDK版本： jdk-7u40-linux-x64 点此下载

Tomcat版本：apache-tomcat-7.0.42 点此下载

论坛版本： JspRun!_6.0.0_GBK 点此下载

环境介绍：

当用户访问时"www.allen.com"网站时，通过Nginx服务器代理，将请求的静态内容（如：.html|.jpg等）让web服务器来响应，而请求的动态内容都让java服务器来响应；这样就实现了动、静的分离

三、后端服务器的安装与配置

1、安装java服务器

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######1、安装JDK并设置环境变量
[root@java ~]# rpm -ihv jdk-7u40-linux-x64.rpm
[root@java ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@java ~]# . /etc/profile.d/java.sh
######验证JDK是否安装成功
[root@java ~]# java -version
java version "1.7.0_40"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_40-b43)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.0-b56, mixed mode)
========================================================================
######2、安装Tomcat
[root@java ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@java ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@java local]# ln -s apache-tomcat-7.0.42 tomcat
[root@java local]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export PATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@java local]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
######验证Tomcat是否安装成功
[root@java local]# catalina.sh version
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Server version: Apache Tomcat/7.0.42
Server built:   Jul 2 2013 08:57:41
Server number:  7.0.42.0
OS Name:        Linux
OS Version:     2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
Architecture:   amd64
JVM Version:    1.7.0_40-b43
JVM Vendor:     Oracle Corporation
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@java ~]# catalina.sh start

2、访问测试Java服务器

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######查看监听端口,Tomcat默认监听8080端口
[root@java ~]# ss -tanlp | grep 8080
LISTEN     0      100                      :::8080                    :::*      users:(("java",6163,40))

 

3、安装web服务器

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######安装nginx依赖环境
[root@web ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel gcc gcc-c++ openssl-devel
[root@web ~]# useradd -r nginx
[root@web ~]# tar xf nginx-1.4.2.tar.gz
[root@web ~]# cd nginx-1.4.2
[root@web nginx-1.4.2]# ./configure \
   --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
   --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx \
   --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
   --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
   --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
   --pid-path=/var/run/nginx/nginx.pid  \
   --lock-path=/var/lock/nginx.lock \
   --user=nginx \
   --group=nginx \
   --with-http_ssl_module \
   --with-http_flv_module \
   --with-http_stub_status_module \
   --with-http_gzip_static_module \
   --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client/ \
   --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy/ \
   --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi/ \
   --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
   --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
   --with-pcre
[root@web nginx-1.4.2]# make && make install
======================================================================
######为Nginx提供Sysv服务脚本
[root@web ~]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig:   - 85 15
# description:  Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
#               proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config:      /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config:      /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile:     /var/run/nginx.pid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
nginx="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
make_dirs() {
   # make required directories
   user=`nginx -V 2>&1 | grep "configure arguments:" | sed 's/[^*]*--user=\([^ ]*\).*/\1/g' -`
   options=`$nginx -V 2>&1 | grep 'configure arguments:'`
   for opt in $options; do
       if [ `echo $opt | grep '.*-temp-path'` ]; then
           value=`echo $opt | cut -d "=" -f 2`
           if [ ! -d "$value" ]; then
               # echo "creating" $value
               mkdir -p $value && chown -R $user $value
           fi
       fi
   done
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
start() {
    [ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
    [ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
    make_dirs
    echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
    daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
    return $retval
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
stop() {
    echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
    killproc $prog -QUIT
    retval=$?
    echo
    [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
    return $retval
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
restart() {
    configtest || return $?
    stop
    sleep 1
    start
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
reload() {
    configtest || return $?
    echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
    killproc $nginx -HUP
    RETVAL=$?
    echo
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
force_reload() {
    restart
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
configtest() {
  $nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
rh_status() {
    status $prog
}
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
rh_status_q() {
    rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
    start)
        rh_status_q && exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    stop)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
        $1
        ;;
    restart|configtest)
        $1
        ;;
    reload)
        rh_status_q || exit 7
        $1
        ;;
    force-reload)
        force_reload
        ;;
    status)
        rh_status
        ;;
    condrestart|try-restart)
        rh_status_q || exit 0
            ;;
    *)
        echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
        exit 2
esac
----------------------------------------------------------------------
[root@web ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx
[root@web ~]# chkconfig --add nginx
[root@web ~]# service nginx start
[root@web ~]# chkconfig nginx on

4、访问测试web服务器

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[root@web nginx-1.4.2]# ss -tanlp | grep 80
LISTEN     0      128      *:80       *:*      users:(("nginx",30503,6),("nginx",30504,6))

5、安装Mysql服务器

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root@mysql ~]# yum -y install mysql-server
root@mysql ~]# service mysqld start
[root@mysql ~]# mysql
mysql> create database bbs;
mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'172.16.%.%' identified by 'bbspass';
mysql> flush privileges;
######注释：创建一个数据库并授权用户，方便后面安装论坛使用到

6、测试授权用户是否能使用"172.16.0.0"网段的主机连接,远程主机请确定安装了mysql客户端

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[root@java ~]# mysql -ubbsuser -pbbspass -h 172.16.14.4 -e 'show databases';
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| bbs                |
| test               |
+--------------------+
######可以远程查询到数据说明已连接成功

四、安装论坛

1、在java服务器上安装论坛程序

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######创建网站存放目录
[root@java ~]# mkdir /web
[root@java ~]# unzip JspRun\!_6.0.0_GBK.zip
[root@java ~]# mv upload /web/bbs
------------------------------------------------------------------------
######修改Tomcat的默认访问端口8080为80
    <Connector port="80" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
######修改tomcat主配置文件添加虚拟主机
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="www.allen.com">
      <Host name="www.allen.com"  appBase="/web/bbs"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="bbs_access_log." suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
        <Context path="" docBase="/web/bbs" />
      </Host>
注释：将"<Host>"标记的段添加到"Engine"中,而"Engine"中的默认主机改为定义的主机名称；
name:主机名称
defaultHost：默认访问的主机名称
appBase：网站目录
unpackWARS：是否自动解压"war"格式的包
autoDeploy：是否自动部署应用程序
className：类名称
prefix：日志名称
suffix：日志后缀名
pattern：日志格式
"Context"标记中path：虚拟目录名称，docBase：虚拟目录路径
======================================================================
######修改论坛配置文件，指定数据库主机，数据用户名密码及数据库名称
[root@java conf]# cd /web/bbs/
[root@java bbs]# vim config.properties
dbhost = 172.16.14.4
dbport=3306
dbuser = bbsuser
dbpw = bbspass
dbname = bbs
======================================================================
######启动Tomcat服务并查看端口
[root@java ~]# catalina.sh start
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr/local/tomcat
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr/local/tomcat/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /usr/java/latest
Using CLASSPATH:       /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
[root@java ~]# ss -tanlp | grep 80
LISTEN     0      100      :::80    :::*      users:(("java",7493,40))
LISTEN     0      1        ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005   :::*      users:(("java",7493,53))
LISTEN     0      100      :::8009  :::*      users:(("java",7493,41))

2、安装论坛程序

3、点击下一步-->我同意-->下一步，进入数据库配置页面

4、点下一步-->(填写管理员密码)下一步-->进入创建数据表阶段-->然后点-->进入首页

5、将论坛程序拷贝到web服务器上面一份，因为WEB服务器要解析静态文件

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######创建网站存放目录
[root@web ~]# mkdir /web
[root@web ~]# scp -r 172.16.14.3:/web/bbs /web/
######修改Nginx主配置文件
[root@web ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        location / {
            root   /web/bbs;
            index  index.html index.htm;
######注释：开启访问日志功能；修改虚拟主机指定网站网站目录为"/web/bbs"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######创建一个静态测试页方便后面测试
[root@web ~]# echo '<h1>WEB：172.16.14.2</h1>' > /web/bbs/index.html
[root@web ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/logs  #创建日志存放目录
[root@web ~]# service nginx restart

五、安装配置Nginx前端服务器

1、安装方法与第三部分的nginx安装方法相同，这里就不再介绍如何安装

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[root@nginx ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  nginx nginx;
worker_processes  2;
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
#error_log  logs/error.log;
#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections  51200;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    access_log  logs/access.log  main;
    client_max_body_size 20m;
    client_header_buffer_size 16k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 16k;
    sendfile        on;
    tcp_nopush     on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    gzip  on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 16k;
    gzip_proxied   any;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 3;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;
    proxy_temp_path   /tmp/proxy_temp;
    proxy_cache_path  /tmp/proxy_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:500m inactive=1d max_size=3g;
    proxy_connect_timeout    50;
    proxy_read_timeout       600;
    proxy_send_timeout       600;
    proxy_buffer_size        128k;
    proxy_buffers           16 256k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 512k;
    proxy_temp_file_write_size 1024m;
    proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_503 http_404 http_502 http_504;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  www.allen.com;
        access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;
        location / {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.14.3;
        }
    location ~* \.(|html|htm|jpg|jpeg|png|gif|bmp|swf|ico)$ {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.14.2;
    }
    location ~* \.(jsp|css|do)$ {
        proxy_pass http://172.16.14.3;
    }
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }
}
======================================================================
[root@nginx ~]# service nginx start

2、修改Nginx主配置文件

六、验证服务

1、在客户端使用"www.allen.com"域名访问测试，注意：由于没有"DNS"服务器解析需要修改hosts文件来解析

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######添加如下内容解析
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
172.16.14.1    www.allen.com

 
2、访问静态测试页
 

2、查看web服务器上nginx访问日志

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[root@web ~]# tail -5 /usr/local/nginx/logs/host.access.log
172.16.14.1 - - [23/Sep/2013:22:38:39 +0800] "GET /images/common/softkeyboard.gif HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "http://www.allen.com/include/css/keyboard.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-"
172.16.14.1 - - [23/Sep/2013:22:38:39 +0800] "GET /images/default/link.gif HTTP/1.0" 304 0"http://www.allen.com/forumdata/cache/style_1.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-"
172.16.14.1 - - [23/Sep/2013:23:04:02 +0800] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0" 304 0 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-"
172.16.14.1 - - [23/Sep/2013:22:38:39 +0800] "GET /images/default/forumbox_head.gif HTTP/1.0"304 0 "http://www.allen.com/forumdata/cache/style_1.css" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-"
172.16.14.1 - - [23/Sep/2013:23:04:01 +0800] "GET /index.html HTTP/1.0" 200 25 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:24.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/24.0" "-"
----------------------------------------------------------------------
######由上可见，访问"www.allen.com"域名时，所有静态内容都转发到web服务器上；如图片

3、查看java服务器上Tomcat访问日志

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[root@java ~]# tail -5 /usr/local/tomcat/logs/bbs_access_log.2013-09-14.txt
172.16.14.1 - - [14/Sep/2013:23:26:57 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1.css HTTP/1.0" 304 -
172.16.14.1 - - [14/Sep/2013:23:26:57 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1_append.css HTTP/1.0"304 -
172.16.14.1 - - [14/Sep/2013:23:27:02 +0800] "GET /member.jsp?action=list HTTP/1.0" 200 6839
172.16.14.1 - - [14/Sep/2013:23:27:02 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1_append.css HTTP/1.0"304 -
172.16.14.1 - - [14/Sep/2013:23:27:02 +0800] "GET /forumdata/cache/style_1.css HTTP/1.0" 304 -
------------------------------------------------------------------------
######由上可见，访问的动态内容都转发到Java服务器来解析；如jsp结尾的文件

到此，Nginx+Tomcat实现WEB网站的动、静分离已经完成；后面将会更新Apache+Tomcat如何实现Apache代理Tomcat及如何实现会话保存...

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