[Leetcode][JAVA] Minimum Window Substring
Given a string S and a string T, find the minimum window in S which will contain all the characters in T in complexity O(n).
For example,
S = "ADOBECODEBANC"
T = "ABC"
Minimum window is "BANC".
Note:
If there is no such window in S that covers all characters in T, return the emtpy string "".
If there are multiple such windows, you are guaranteed that there will always be only one unique minimum window in S.
使用两个指针start和end去截取S中的字符串,初始都为S头部。end指针先往后遍历,直到T中所有字符都出现在子字符串中或者到S结尾,这时候把start往后挪,尽量使子串长度小,直到再往后挪就会不满足T中字符都在子串中的条件或者到达end,这时候记录start和end并计算子串长度,如果比之前的小则更新start和end。如此反复这两步直到end到S末尾。
问题是两个关键时刻:1.T中所有字符都出现在子字符串中;2. 再往后挪就会不满足T中字符都在子串中的条件,该怎么被捕获。
使用两个HashMap可以实现。第一个HashMap, need记录关于T中所有字符的次数统计,在遍历S中作为标准,不会变化。第二个HashMap, found记录遍历过程中字符出现次数的动态变化。
条件2可以这么实现: 一旦发现found中当前字符(前提是存在于found中)的值已经等于need中的值,则停止start指针的遍历。否则可以继续遍历不过found中的值要-1。
条件1可以联系T的长度来实现:使用变量count记录已在S中找到的T中字符个数。一旦count等于T的长度,开始把start往后挪。那么,什么样的字符是已在S中找到的T中字符,可以算进count?依然使用found和need可以判断,如果found中字符的值小于等于need中它的值,说明这遍历到的字符应该算进count,因为关于这个字符,还没有或者刚刚好满足它应该出现的次数,应该要算作T中字符。而若found中的值大于need中的值,说明该已经遍历到足够多该字符,不需要再来这种字符了,需要的是T中其他的字符,所以不能算进count.
public String minWindow(String S, String T) {
if(T.length()>S.length())
return "";
HashMap<Character, Integer> need = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
HashMap<Character, Integer> found = new HashMap<Character, Integer>();
for(int i=0;i<T.length();i++) {
char t = T.charAt(i);
if(!need.containsKey(t)) {
need.put(t,1);
found.put(t,0);
} else
need.put(t, need.get(t)+1);
}
int start = 0;
int end = 0;
int minStart = -1;
int minEnd = S.length();
int count = 0;
for(;end<S.length();end++) {
char t = S.charAt(end);
if(need.containsKey(t)) {
found.put(t, found.get(t)+1);
if(found.get(t)<=need.get(t))
count++;
if(count==T.length()) {
for(;start<=end;start++) {
char t2 = S.charAt(start);
if(need.containsKey(t2)) {
if(found.get(t2)>need.get(t2))
found.put(t2, found.get(t2)-1);
else
break;
}
}
if(start>end)
start--;
if(end-start<minEnd-minStart) {
minStart = start;
minEnd = end;
}
}
}
}
return minStart==-1?"":S.substring(minStart,minEnd+1);
}
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