ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS postgresql安装配置

postgresql安装
--------------------
二进制安装：
wget https://get.enterprisedb.com/postgresql/postgresql-9.5.6-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz
tar xf postgresql-9.5.6-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
useradd postgres
mkdir -p /data/postgresql/{data,log}
chown -R postgres.postgres /data/postgresql/

初始化数据库：
su postgres
cd /usr/local/pgsql/bin
./initdb -E utf8 -D /data/postgresql/data/

启动脚本：
vi /etc/systemd/system/postgresql.service
[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL database server
After=network.target

[Service]
Type=forking
User=postgres
Group=postgres
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000
Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_FILE=/proc/self/oom_score_adj
Environment=PG_OOM_ADJUST_VALUE=0
Environment=PGSTARTTIMEOUT=270
Environment=PGDATA=/data/postgresql/data
ExecStart=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -w -t ${PGSTARTTIMEOUT}
ExecStop=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
ExecReload=/usr/local/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s
TimeoutSec=300

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

启动关闭和开机启动：
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable postgresql
systemctl start postgresql
systemctl stop postgresql
systemctl restart postgresql

postgresql配置
-----------------------
配置文件：默认在data目录下

主配置文件：/data/postgresql/data/postgresql.conf
允许远程访问-> listen_addresses = 'localhost,192.168.30.3'

权限控制文件：/data/postgresql/data/pg_hba.conf
# "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only
local all all md5
# IPv4 local connections:
host all all 192.168.30.2/32 md5
# IPv6 local connections:
host all all ::1/128 md5

重启使配置文件生效：systemctl reload postgresql

注：如果还没有设置postgres用户的密码，需要先把本地设置为trust：
local all all trust
然后设置密码，再修改回来
psql -U postgres
postgres-# ALTER USER postgres PASSWORD 'xxxx';

创建数据库和授权
----------------------
创建用户：postgres=# create user fishing password 'xxxx'
创建数据库：create database fishing owner fishing;

退出数据库，使用新建用户登录新建的数据库：psql -U fishing -d fishing
测试数据库权限：
1. 创建一张表
create table test(
id int primary key not null,
name text not null
);

2. 查看表
fishing-> \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+------+-------+---------
public | test | table | fishing
(1 row)

3. 向表中插入数据
insert into test(id,name) values (1,'aa');
select * from test;

4. 删除测试表
drop table test;