django rest framework 解析器组件 接口设计,视图组件 (2)

1. 使用视图组件进行接口优化
   1.1 使用视图组件的mixin进行接口逻辑优化
      - 导入mixin
         from rest_framework.mixinx import (
            ListModelMix,
            CreateModelMixin,
            DestroyModelMixin,
            UpdateModelMixin,
            RetrieveModelMixin
         )
         from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView

      - 定义序列化类
      Class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
            class Meta:
               Book
              fields = ()
              extra_kwargs = {"field_name": {"write_only": True}}

      - 导入序列化类
      from .app_serializers import BookSerializer

      - 定义视图类
      class BookView(ListModelMix, CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
         # queryset和serializer_class是固定的写法
          queryset = Book.objects.all()
          serializer_class = BookSerializer

          def get():
             return self.list()

          def post():
             return self.create()

      class BookFilterView(RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
          queryset = Book.objects.all()
         serializer_class = BookSerializer

         def get():
             return self.retrieve()

         def delete():
             return self.destroy()

         def put():
             return self.update()

      注意：单条数据操作的url是这样的：re_path(r'books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$, views.BookFilterView.as_view())

实例:

 # class BookView(ListModelMixin,CreateModelMixin,GenericAPIView):
 #     queryset = Book.objects.all()
 #     serializer_class = BookSerializer
 #     def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
 #         return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
 #     def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
 #         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
 #
 # class BookFilterView(RetrieveModelMixin, DestroyModelMixin, UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
 #     queryset = Book.objects.all()
 #     serializer_class = BookSerializer
 #     def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 #         # 更改的时候区分一对多还是多对多
 #         return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs)
 #     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 #         return self.retrieve(request,*args,**kwargs)
 #     def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
 #         return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)

class类

 class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
     class Meta:
         model = Book
         fields = ('title',
                   'price',
                   'publish',
                   'authors',
                   'author_list',
                   'publish_name',
                   'publish_city'
                   )
         # 如过不加会实在页面显示关联的数字
         extra_kwargs = {
             'publish': {'write_only': True},
             'authors': {'write_only': True}
         }

     publish_name = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source='publish.name')
     publish_city = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, read_only=True, source='publish.city')

     author_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField()

     def get_author_list(self, book_obj):
         # 拿到queryset开始循环 [{}, {}, {}, {}]
         authors = list()

         for author in book_obj.authors.all():
             authors.append(author.name)

         return authors

引入ModelSerializer

     #re_path(r'books/$', views.BookView.as_view()),
     #re_path(r'books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookFilterView.as_view()),

url

这时,会发现代码可以继续优化

1.2 使用视图组件的view进行接口逻辑优化
   - 导入模块
      from rest_framework import generics

   - 写视图类
      class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView)
         queryset = Book.objects.all()
         serializer_class = BookSerializer

      class BookFilterView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
          queryset = Book.objects.all()
         serializer_class = BookSerializer

 # class BookView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
 #     queryset = Book.objects.all()
 #     serializer_class = BookSerializer
 #
 # class BookFilterView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
 #     queryset = Book.objects.all()
 #     serializer_class = BookSerializer

代码优化

     # path("course/",views.BookView.as_view()),
     # re_path("course/(?P<pk>\d+)/",views.BookFilterView.as_view())

url

1.3 使用视图组件的viewset进行接口逻辑优化
   - 导入模块
      from rest_framework.viewsets import ModelViewSet

   - 设计url
      re_path(r'books/$, views.BookView.as_view({
          'get': 'list',
         'post': 'create'
      })),
      re_path(r'books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookView.as_view({
          'get': 'retrieve',
         'delete': 'destroy',
         'put': 'update'
      }))

   - 设计视图类
      class BookView(ModelViewSet):
          queryset = Book.objects.all()
         serializer_class = BookSerializer

 class BookView(ModelViewSet):
     queryset = Book.objects.all()
     serializer_class = BookSerializer

最终版

     re_path("course/$",views.BookView.as_view({
         "get":"list",
         "post":'create',
     })),
     re_path("course/(?P<pk>\d+)/",views.BookView.as_view({
         'get':'retrieve',
         'put':"update",
         'delete':"destroy"
     }))

urls