ASP.NET MVC4 ASP.NET Web API路由规则
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Web.Http;
namespace iAttendance.Controllers
{
public class UsersController : ApiController
{
// GET api/users
public IEnumerable<Users> GetUserList()
{
using (iAttendanceDataContext db = new iAttendanceDataContext())
{
return db.Users.AsQueryable();
}
}
// GET api/users/5
public Users GetUser(int id)
{
using (iAttendanceDataContext db = new iAttendanceDataContext())
{
return db.Users.FirstOrDefault(u=>u.UserID==id);
}
}
// POST api/users
public void PostUser(Users user)
{
using (iAttendanceDataContext db = new iAttendanceDataContext())
{
db.Users.InsertOnSubmit(user);
db.SubmitChanges();
}
}
// PUT api/users/5
public void PutUser(int id, Users user)
{
using (iAttendanceDataContext db = new iAttendanceDataContext())
{
var use = db.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserID == id);
if (use != null)
{
use.Role = user.Role;
use.Password = user.Password;
use.Email = user.Email;
db.SubmitChanges();
}
}
}
// PUT api/users/5
public void put_nomorl_user(int id, Users user)
{
using (iAttendanceDataContext db = new iAttendanceDataContext())
{
var use = db.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserID == id);
if (use != null)
{
use.Role = user.Role;
use.Password = user.Password;
use.Email = user.Email;
db.SubmitChanges();
}
}
}
// DELETE api/users/5
public void DeleteUset(int id)
{
using (iAttendanceDataContext db = new iAttendanceDataContext())
{
var user = db.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserID == id);
if (user != null)
{
db.Users.DeleteOnSubmit(user);
db.SubmitChanges();
}
}
}
// [HttpGet]
// public IEnumerable<Customer> SelectAllCustomers()
// {
//...
// }
// [HttpGet]
// public Customer SelectCustomerByID(string id)
// {
//...
// }
// [HttpPost]
// public string AddCustomer(Customer obj)
// {
//...
// }
// [HttpPut]
// public string ModifyCustomer(string id, Customer obj)
// {
//...
// }
// [HttpDelete]
// public string RemoveCustomer(string id)
// {
//...
// }
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Security;
using System.Web.SessionState;
using System.Web.Routing;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Mvc;
namespace iAttendance
{
public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters)
{
filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());
}
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");
routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}
public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
{
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "VersionActionApi",
routeTemplate: "api/1/{controller}/{action}/{id}",//api/version/controller/action/id
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "ActionApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",//api/version/type/controller/action/id
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "VersionApi",
routeTemplate: "api/1/{controller}/{id}",//api/version/controller/id
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
}
void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 在应用程序启动时运行的代码
Register(GlobalConfiguration.Configuration);
RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}
void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 在应用程序关闭时运行的代码
}
void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 在出现未处理的错误时运行的代码
}
void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 在新会话启动时运行的代码
}
void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// 在会话结束时运行的代码。
}
}
}
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using RestSharp;
using RestSharp.Serializers;
namespace iAttendWinFrm
{
public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
private void ThreadSafe(Control control, MethodInvoker function)
{
if ((function != null) && (control != null))
{
if (control.InvokeRequired)
{
control.Invoke(function);
}
else
{
function();
}
}
}
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest("api/users", Method.GET);
var response = client.Execute(request);
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/users", Method = Method.GET, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json};
client.ExecuteAsync(request, response =>
{
this.ThreadSafe(this, () =>
{
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
});
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest("api/users/{id}", Method.GET);
request.AddParameter("id", "1");
var response = client.Execute(request);
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest()
{
Resource = "api/users/{id}",
Method = Method.GET,
RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json
};
request.AddParameter("id", "1");
client.ExecuteAsync(request, response =>
{
this.ThreadSafe(this, () =>
{
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
});
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button5_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
//var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/1/user/users", Method = Method.POST, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/1/users", Method = Method.POST, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
request.AddBody(new { Email = "fx@163.com", Password = "111111", Role = 0, UserID=string.Empty,UserName = "5555555555" });
var response = client.Execute(request);
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button8_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest()
{
Resource = "api/users",
Method = Method.POST,
RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json
};
request.AddBody(new { Email = "fx@163.com", Password = "2235425325", Role = 0, UserID = string.Empty, UserName = "77777777" });
client.ExecuteAsync(request, response =>
{
this.ThreadSafe(this, () =>
{
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
});
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
//var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/users/PutUser/{id}", Method = Method.PUT, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
//var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/1/users/PutUser/{id}", Method = Method.PUT, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/1/users/put_nomorl_user/{id}", Method = Method.PUT, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
request.AddUrlSegment("id", "11");
request.AddParameter("Email", "6666666@163.com");
request.AddParameter("Password", "666666666");
request.AddParameter("Role", 1);
var response = client.Execute(request);
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button7_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/users/{id}", Method = Method.PUT, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
request.AddUrlSegment("id", "14");
request.AddParameter("Email", "fxxx@163.com");
request.AddParameter("Password", "1324324234");
request.AddParameter("Role", 1);
client.ExecuteAsync(request, response =>
{
this.ThreadSafe(this, () =>
{
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
});
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button9_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/users/{id}", Method = Method.DELETE, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
request.AddUrlSegment("id", "15");
var response = client.Execute(request);
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
private void button10_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
try
{
var client = new RestClient("http://localhost");
var request = new RestRequest() { Resource = "api/users/{id}", Method = Method.DELETE, RequestFormat = DataFormat.Json };
request.AddUrlSegment("id", "15");
client.ExecuteAsync(request, response =>
{
this.ThreadSafe(this, () =>
{
this.textBox1.Text = response.Content;
});
});
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
throw ex;
}
}
}
}
//-------------------------------------------------------------------
默认的规则
在ASP.NET MVC4中
global.asax.cs代码中并无注册默认路由规则的代码
代码如下：
public class WebApiApplication : System.Web.HttpApplication
{
protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); FilterConfig.RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
BundleConfig.RegisterBundles(BundleTable.Bundles);
}
}
那么默认的路由规则是在哪里注册的呢？
我们发现
在项目中多了一个App_Start文件夹
其中RoteConfig.cs文件就是注册默认路由规则的程序所在了
代码如下：
public static void RegisterRoutes(RouteCollection routes)
{
routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "DefaultApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
); routes.MapRoute(
name: "Default",
url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);
}
这里有两个路由规则
一个是针对API请求的路由规则
另一个是针对普通MVC页面请求的路由规则
请求路径以字符串”api”开头的时候将访问webAPI的函数
(注：至于为什么用MapHttpRoute而不是MapRoute；为什么用routeTemplate而不是用url我们再以后的章节介绍)
因为routeTemplate中有了{controller}
所以针对api的请求可以自动映射到指定的controller类
那么是怎么找到合适的Action的呢？
系统根据请求的方式来判断
如果是以GET的方式请求的
那么将匹配controller中以“Get”开头的Action
如果是以POST的方式请求的
那么将匹配controller中以“Post”开头的Action
如果是以PUT的方式请求的
那么将匹配controller中以“Put”开头的Action
如果是以DELETE的方式请求的
那么将匹配controller中以“Delete”开头的Action
除了这几个默认的请求方式
你还可以在客户端定义你自己的请求方式！
routeTemplate最后面的id匹配Action中的参数，
这与ASP.NET MVC一致
初步的自定义
那么是不是所有的匹配GET请求的Action都必须以“Get”开头呢
不是的
我们可以用方法特性来标记一个方法属于什么什么请求
如下：
[HttpGet]
public IEnumerable<Product> AllProducts()
{
return products;
}
对应的方法特性还有
[HttpPost]
[HttpDelete]
[HttpPut]
亦可以使用如下这样的方法特性来区分
[AcceptVerbs("GET")]
[AcceptVerbs("GET", "HEAD")]
另外如果你在Controller中写了一个函数
必须是public的，必须以Get开头
而又不想让客户端以请求到此Action
那么可以使用方法特性
[NonAction]
来标记此方法
进一步自定义
我们仍然可以把action的名字放到默认的请求规则中
只要把routeTemplate改为如下即可：
routes.MapHttpRoute(
name: "ActionApi",
routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{action}/{id}",
defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
);
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