安装MYSQL到Ubuntu（APT）

## 运行环境
系统版本：Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS
软件版本：MYSQL-5.7
硬件要求：无

安装过程

1、安装APT-MYSQL存储库

APT-MYSQL存储库由MYSQL官网提供。选择安装MYSQL-5.7版本。

root@localhost:~# wget https://repo.mysql.com/mysql-apt-config_0.8.13-1_all.deb
root@localhost:~# dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.11-1_all.deb

2、更新APT缓存

root@localhost:~# apt-get update

3、安装MYSQL

安装过程中会弹出一个图形化界面，需要我们输入一个高强度的MYSQL超级管理员“root”账号的密码，输入完成后即可完成安装，并且MYSQL服务会自动启动。

注：这里输入的密码只用于安装MYSQL，后面不会使用。

root@localhost:~# apt-get -y install mysql-community-server --allow-unauthenticated

4、创建一个数据库实例，停止服务

MYSQL在安装完成时，会自动启动MYSQL服务，我们需要将其停止。

root@localhost:~# systemctl stop mysql

5、创建一个数据库实例，创建相关目录并授权

root@localhost:~# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
root@localhost:~# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binlog
root@localhost:~# mkdir -p /data/mysql/relaylog
root@localhost:~# mkdir -p /data/mysql/log
root@localhost:~# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql

6、创建一个数据库实例，创建配置文件

root@localhost:~# vim /data/mysql/my.cnf
[mysqld]
### basic ###
user = mysql
server_id = 1
bind-address = 0.0.0.0
port = 43306
pid-file = /data/mysql/mysqld.pid
socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock
datadir = /data/mysql/data
default_storage_engine = InnoDB
# explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
symbolic-links = 0

### skip password ###
skip-grant-tables = false

### errorlog ###
log_error = /data/mysql/log/error.log

### binlog ###
log-bin = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin
log_bin_index = /data/mysql/binlog/mysql-bin.index
binlog_cache_size = 4MB
max_binlog_size = 200MB
# log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1
# expire_logs_days = 30

### relaylog ###
relay-log = /data/mysql/relaylog/mysql-relay-bin
relay_log_index = /data/mysql/relaylog/mysql-relay-bin.index

### slowlog ###
slow_query_log = ON
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql/log/slow.log
long_query_time = 10

### network ###
back_log = 512
max_allowed_packet = 64MB
max_connections = 1024
max_connect_errors = 100

### buffer ###
# join_buffer_size = 1MB
# read_buffer_size = 1MB
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 1MB
# sort_buffer_size = 1MB

### query_cache ###
query_cache_type = ON
query_cache_size = 256MB
table_open_cache = 5000
thread_cache_size = 16

### innodb ###
innodb_log_group_home_dir = /data/mysql/data
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G:autoextend
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2GB
# innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_file_size = 2GB
innodb_log_files_in_group = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16MB
innodb_read_io_threads = 4
innodb_write_io_threads = 4
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 60
innodb_thread_concurrency = 4
innodb_open_files = 65535
open-files-limit = 65535
root@localhost:~# vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf
[mysql]
socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock

[mysqladmin]
socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock

[mysqldump]
socket = /data/mysql/mysqld.sock

7、创建一个数据库实例，配置Apparmor

Apparmor是Ubuntu下一个应用防火墙，相当于CentOS中的Selinux，它控制了应用对文件系统的操作权限。我们需要添加相关条目，允许MYSQL进程对相关目录拥有可操纵权限。

root@localhost:~# vim /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld
/usr/sbin/mysqld {
  /data/mysql/ r,
  /data/mysql/** rwk,

  /data/mysql/data/ r,
  /data/mysql/data/** rwk,

  /data/mysql/binlog/ r,
  /data/mysql/binlog/** rwk,

  /data/mysql/relaylog/ r,
  /data/mysql/relaylog/** rwk,

  /data/mysql/log/ r,
  /data/mysql/log/** rwk,
...
}
root@localhost:~# systemctl restart apparmor.service

8、创建一个数据库实例，初始化

初次运行，我们需要初始化数据库实例，生成基础数据库。

root@localhost:~# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf --initialize

9、创建一个数据库实例，修改系统服务控制

将数据库实例服务交由系统管理工具“systemctl”托管。

root@localhost:~# vim /lib/systemd/system/mysql.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Community Server
After=network.target

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
Type=forking
PermissionsStartOnly=true
PIDFile=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
#ExecStartPre=/usr/share/mysql/mysql-systemd-start pre
ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql/my.cnf --daemonize
TimeoutSec=600
LimitNOFILE = 65535
Restart=on-failure
RestartPreventExitStatus=1
RuntimeDirectory=mysqld
RuntimeDirectoryMode=755

10、创建一个数据库实例，启动服务

root@localhost:~# systemctl daemon-reload
root@localhost:~# systemctl start mysql
root@localhost:~# systemctl enable mysql
root@localhost:~# netstat -lnupt  |grep mysql
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:43306           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13046/mysqld

11、创建一个数据库实例，重置超级管理员密码

我们需要通过错误日志获取初始化时生成的临时密码。

密码必须符合复杂性要求，需要字母大小写+数字+特殊符号。

root@localhost~# cat /data/mysql/log/error.log |grep password
2019-05-05T03:55:21.001110Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: qUJjC#oae0<l
root@localhost:~# mysqladmin -uroot -p'qUJjC#oae0<l' password 'ABCabc-123'

12、访问测试

root@localhost:~# mysql -uroot -p'ABCabc-123' -A
mysql>