最近给xmake增加了一个新特性，对于一份工程源码，可以不用编写makefile，也不用编写各种make相关的工程描述文件（例如：xmake.lua，makefile.am, cmakelist.txt等）

xmake就可以直接编译他们，这是如何做到的呢，简单来说下实现原理：

  1. 首先扫描当前目录下，xmake所以支持的所有源代码文件
  2. 分析代码，检测哪些代码拥有main入口函数
  3. 所有没有main入口的代码编译成静态库
  4. 带有main入口的代码，编译成可执行程序，同时链接其他静态库程序

这种代码扫描和智能编译，非常简单，目前xmake还不支持多级目录扫描，只对单级目录的代码进行扫描编译。。

开源代码的移植和编译

虽然这种方式，并不是非常智能，限制也不少，但是对于想临时写些代码进行编译运行，或者临时想交叉编译一些简单的开源库代码

这种方式已经足够使用了，下面看下一个实际的例子：

我下载了一份zlib-1.2.10的源码，想要编译它，只需要进入zlib的源码目录执行：

$ cd zlib-1.2.10

$ xmake

就行了，输出结果如下：

xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..

target(zlib-1.2): static

    [+]: ./adler32.c

    [+]: ./compress.c

    [+]: ./crc32.c

    [+]: ./deflate.c

    [+]: ./gzclose.c

    [+]: ./gzlib.c

    [+]: ./gzread.c

    [+]: ./gzwrite.c

    [+]: ./infback.c

    [+]: ./inffast.c

    [+]: ./inflate.c

    [+]: ./inftrees.c

    [+]: ./trees.c

    [+]: ./uncompr.c

    [+]: ./zutil.c

xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��

checking for the architecture ... x86_64

checking for the Xcode SDK version for macosx ... 10.12

checking for the target minimal version ... 10.12

checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++

checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc

checking for the assember (as) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++

checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar

checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar

checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++

checking for the debugger (dd) ... xcrun -sdk macosx lldb

checking for the golang compiler (go) ... go

configure

{

    ex = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"

,   sh = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"

,   host = "macosx"

,   ar = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"

,   buildir = "build"

,   as = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

,   plat = "macosx"

,   xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"

,   arch = "x86_64"

,   mxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"

,   go = "go"

,   target_minver = "10.12"

,   ccache = "ccache"

,   mode = "release"

,   clean = true

,   cxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

,   cc = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

,   dd = "xcrun -sdk macosx lldb"

,   kind = "static"

,   ld = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"

,   xcode_sdkver = "10.12"

,   sc = "xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc"

,   mm = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

}

configure ok!

clean ok!

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./adler32.c

[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./compress.c

[13%]: ccache compiling.release ./crc32.c

[20%]: ccache compiling.release ./deflate.c

[26%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzclose.c

[33%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzlib.c

[40%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzread.c

[46%]: ccache compiling.release ./gzwrite.c

[53%]: ccache compiling.release ./infback.c

[60%]: ccache compiling.release ./inffast.c

[66%]: ccache compiling.release ./inflate.c

[73%]: ccache compiling.release ./inftrees.c

[80%]: ccache compiling.release ./trees.c

[86%]: ccache compiling.release ./uncompr.c

[93%]: ccache compiling.release ./zutil.c

[100%]: archiving.release libzlib-1.2.a

build ok!��

通过输出结果，可以看到，xmake会去检测扫描当前目录下的所有.c代码，发现没有main入口，应该是静态库程序，因此执行xmake后，就直接编译成静态库libzlib-1.2.a了

连xmake.lua都没有编写，其实xmake在扫描完成后，会去自动在当前目录下生成一份xmake.lua，下次编译就不需要重新扫描检测了。

自动生成的xmake.lua内容如下：

-- define target

target("zlib-1.2")

    -- set kind

    set_kind("static")

    -- add files

    add_files("./adler32.c")

    add_files("./compress.c")

    add_files("./crc32.c")

    add_files("./deflate.c")

    add_files("./gzclose.c")

    add_files("./gzlib.c")

    add_files("./gzread.c")

    add_files("./gzwrite.c")

    add_files("./infback.c")

    add_files("./inffast.c")

    add_files("./inflate.c")

    add_files("./inftrees.c")

    add_files("./trees.c")

    add_files("./uncompr.c")

    add_files("./zutil.c")

也许你会说，像这种开源库，直接configure; make不就好了吗，他们自己也有提供makefile来直接编译的，的确是这样，我这里只是举个例子而已。。

当然，很多开源库在交叉编译的时候，通过自带的configure，处理起来还是很繁琐的，用xmake进行交叉编译会更方便些。。

即时地代码编写和编译运行

xmake的这个扫描代码编译特性，主要的目的：还是为了让我们在临时想写些测试代码的时候，不用考虑太多东西，直接上手敲代码，然后快速执行xmake run 来调试验证结果。。

例如：

我想写了个简单的main.c的测试程序，打印hello world!，如果要写makefile或者直接通过gcc命令来，就很繁琐了，你需要：

gcc ./main.c -o demo

./demo

最快速的方式，也需要执行两行命令，而如果用xmake，只需要执行：

xmake run

就行了，它会自动检测到代码后，自动生成对应的xmake.lua，自动编译，自动运行，然后输出：

hello world!

如果你有十几个代码文件，用手敲gcc的方式，或者写makefile的方式，这个差距就更明显了，用xmake还是只需要一行命令：

xmake run

多语言支持

这种代码检测和即时编译，是支持多语言的，不仅支持c/c++，还支持objc/swift，后期还会支持golang（正在开发中）

例如我下载了一份fmdb的ios开源框架代码：

.

├── FMDB.h

├── FMDatabase.h

├── FMDatabase.m

├── FMDatabaseAdditions.h

├── FMDatabaseAdditions.m

├── FMDatabasePool.h

├── FMDatabasePool.m

├── FMDatabaseQueue.h

├── FMDatabaseQueue.m

├── FMResultSet.h

└── FMResultSet.m

想要把它编译成ios的静态库，但是又不想写xmake.lua，或者makefile，那么只需要使用xmake的这个新特性，直接执行：

$ xmake f -p iphoneos; xmake

就行了，输出结果如下：

xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..

target(FMDB): static

    [+]: ./FMDatabase.m

    [+]: ./FMDatabaseAdditions.m

    [+]: ./FMDatabasePool.m

    [+]: ./FMDatabaseQueue.m

    [+]: ./FMResultSet.m

xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��

checking for the architecture ... armv7

checking for the Xcode SDK version for iphoneos ... 10.1

checking for the target minimal version ... 10.1

checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang

checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang

checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang

checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++

checking for the assember (as) ... gas-preprocessor.pl xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang

checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++

checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar

checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar

checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++

checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk iphoneos swiftc

configure

{

    ex = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar"

,   ccache = "ccache"

,   host = "macosx"

,   ar = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos ar"

,   buildir = "build"

,   as = "/usr/local/share/xmake/tools/utils/gas-preprocessor.pl xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"

,   arch = "armv7"

,   mxx = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"

,   cxx = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"

,   target_minver = "10.1"

,   xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"

,   clean = true

,   sh = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"

,   cc = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"

,   ld = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang++"

,   mode = "release"

,   kind = "static"

,   plat = "iphoneos"

,   xcode_sdkver = "10.1"

,   sc = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos swiftc"

,   mm = "xcrun -sdk iphoneos clang"

}

configure ok!

clean ok!

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabase.m

[20%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabaseAdditions.m

[40%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabasePool.m

[60%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMDatabaseQueue.m

[80%]: ccache compiling.release ./FMResultSet.m

[100%]: archiving.release libFMDB.a

build ok!��

同时编译多个可执行文件

输出结果的开头部分，就是对代码的分析结果，虽然目前只支持单级目录结构的代码扫描，但是还是可以同时支持检测和编译多个可执行文件的

我们以libjpeg的开源库为例：

我们进入jpeg-6b目录后，执行：

$ xmake

输出如下：

xmake.lua not found, scanning files ..

target(jpeg-6b): static

    [+]: ./cdjpeg.c

    [+]: ./example.c

    [+]: ./jcapimin.c

    [+]: ./jcapistd.c

    [+]: ./jccoefct.c

    [+]: ./jccolor.c

    [+]: ./jcdctmgr.c

    [+]: ./jchuff.c

    [+]: ./jcinit.c

    [+]: ./jcmainct.c

    [+]: ./jcmarker.c

    [+]: ./jcmaster.c

    [+]: ./jcomapi.c

    [+]: ./jcparam.c

    [+]: ./jcphuff.c

    [+]: ./jcprepct.c

    [+]: ./jcsample.c

    [+]: ./jctrans.c

    [+]: ./jdapimin.c

    [+]: ./jdapistd.c

    [+]: ./jdatadst.c

    [+]: ./jdatasrc.c

    [+]: ./jdcoefct.c

    [+]: ./jdcolor.c

    [+]: ./jddctmgr.c

    [+]: ./jdhuff.c

    [+]: ./jdinput.c

    [+]: ./jdmainct.c

    [+]: ./jdmarker.c

    [+]: ./jdmaster.c

    [+]: ./jdmerge.c

    [+]: ./jdphuff.c

    [+]: ./jdpostct.c

    [+]: ./jdsample.c

    [+]: ./jdtrans.c

    [+]: ./jerror.c

    [+]: ./jfdctflt.c

    [+]: ./jfdctfst.c

    [+]: ./jfdctint.c

    [+]: ./jidctflt.c

    [+]: ./jidctfst.c

    [+]: ./jidctint.c

    [+]: ./jidctred.c

    [+]: ./jmemansi.c

    [+]: ./jmemmgr.c

    [+]: ./jmemname.c

    [+]: ./jmemnobs.c

    [+]: ./jquant1.c

    [+]: ./jquant2.c

    [+]: ./jutils.c

    [+]: ./rdbmp.c

    [+]: ./rdcolmap.c

    [+]: ./rdgif.c

    [+]: ./rdppm.c

    [+]: ./rdrle.c

    [+]: ./rdswitch.c

    [+]: ./rdtarga.c

    [+]: ./transupp.c

    [+]: ./wrbmp.c

    [+]: ./wrgif.c

    [+]: ./wrppm.c

    [+]: ./wrrle.c

    [+]: ./wrtarga.c

target(ansi2knr): binary

    [+]: ./ansi2knr.c

target(cjpeg): binary

    [+]: ./cjpeg.c

target(ckconfig): binary

    [+]: ./ckconfig.c

target(djpeg): binary

    [+]: ./djpeg.c

target(jpegtran): binary

    [+]: ./jpegtran.c

target(rdjpgcom): binary

    [+]: ./rdjpgcom.c

target(wrjpgcom): binary

    [+]: ./wrjpgcom.c

xmake.lua generated, scan ok!��

checking for the architecture ... x86_64

checking for the Xcode SDK version for macosx ... 10.12

checking for the target minimal version ... 10.12

checking for the c compiler (cc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the c++ compiler (cxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the objc compiler (mm) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the objc++ compiler (mxx) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++

checking for the swift compiler (sc) ... xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc

checking for the assember (as) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang

checking for the linker (ld) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++

checking for the static library archiver (ar) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar

checking for the static library extractor (ex) ... xcrun -sdk macosx ar

checking for the shared library linker (sh) ... xcrun -sdk macosx clang++

checking for the debugger (dd) ... xcrun -sdk macosx lldb

checking for the golang compiler (go) ... go

configure

{

    ex = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"

,   sh = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"

,   host = "macosx"

,   ar = "xcrun -sdk macosx ar"

,   buildir = "build"

,   as = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

,   plat = "macosx"

,   xcode_dir = "/Applications/Xcode.app"

,   arch = "x86_64"

,   mxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"

,   go = "go"

,   target_minver = "10.12"

,   ccache = "ccache"

,   mode = "release"

,   clean = true

,   cxx = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

,   cc = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

,   dd = "xcrun -sdk macosx lldb"

,   kind = "static"

,   ld = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang++"

,   xcode_sdkver = "10.12"

,   sc = "xcrun -sdk macosx swiftc"

,   mm = "xcrun -sdk macosx clang"

}

configure ok!

clean ok!

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./cdjpeg.c

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./example.c

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcapimin.c

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcapistd.c

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jccoefct.c

[00%]: ccache compiling.release ./jccolor.c

[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcdctmgr.c

[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jchuff.c

[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcinit.c

[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmainct.c

[01%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmarker.c

[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcmaster.c

[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcomapi.c

[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcparam.c

[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcphuff.c

[02%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcprepct.c

[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jcsample.c

[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jctrans.c

[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdapimin.c

[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdapistd.c

[03%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdatadst.c

[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdatasrc.c

[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdcoefct.c

[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdcolor.c

[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jddctmgr.c

[04%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdhuff.c

[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdinput.c

[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmainct.c

[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmarker.c

[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmaster.c

[05%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdmerge.c

[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdphuff.c

[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdpostct.c

[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdsample.c

[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jdtrans.c

[06%]: ccache compiling.release ./jerror.c

[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctflt.c

[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctfst.c

[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jfdctint.c

[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctflt.c

[07%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctfst.c

[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctint.c

[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jidctred.c

[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemansi.c

[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemmgr.c

[08%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemname.c

[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jmemnobs.c

[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jquant1.c

[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jquant2.c

[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./jutils.c

[09%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdbmp.c

[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdcolmap.c

[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdgif.c

[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdppm.c

[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdrle.c

[10%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdswitch.c

[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdtarga.c

[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./transupp.c

[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrbmp.c

[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrgif.c

[11%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrppm.c

[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrrle.c

[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrtarga.c

[12%]: archiving.release libjpeg-6b.a

[12%]: ccache compiling.release ./wrjpgcom.c

[25%]: linking.release wrjpgcom

[25%]: ccache compiling.release ./ansi2knr.c

[37%]: linking.release ansi2knr

[37%]: ccache compiling.release ./jpegtran.c

[50%]: linking.release jpegtran

[50%]: ccache compiling.release ./djpeg.c

[62%]: linking.release djpeg

[62%]: ccache compiling.release ./ckconfig.c

[75%]: linking.release ckconfig

[75%]: ccache compiling.release ./rdjpgcom.c

[87%]: linking.release rdjpgcom

[87%]: ccache compiling.release ./cjpeg.c

[100%]: linking.release cjpeg

build ok!��

可以看到，处理静态库，xmake还分析出了很多可执行的测试程序，剩下的代码统一编译成一个 libjpeg.a 的静态库，供哪些测试程序链接使用。。

target(ansi2knr): binary

    [+]: ./ansi2knr.c

target(cjpeg): binary

    [+]: ./cjpeg.c

target(ckconfig): binary

    [+]: ./ckconfig.c

target(djpeg): binary

    [+]: ./djpeg.c

target(jpegtran): binary

    [+]: ./jpegtran.c

target(rdjpgcom): binary

    [+]: ./rdjpgcom.c

target(wrjpgcom): binary

    [+]: ./wrjpgcom.c

遇到的一些问题和限制

当前xmake的这种自动分析检测还不是非常智能，对于：

  1. 需要特殊的编译选项
  2. 需要依赖其他目录的头文件搜索
  3. 需要分条件编译不同源文件
  4. 同目录需要生成多个静态库
  5. 需要多级目录支持的源码库

以上这些情况，xmake暂时还没发自动化的智能处理，其中限制1，2还是可以解决的，通过半手动的方式，例如：

$ xmake f --cxflags="" --ldflags="" --includedirs="" --linkdirs=""; xmake

在自动检测编译的时候，手动配置这个源码工程需要的特殊编译选项，就可以直接通过编译了

而限制3，暂时只能通过删源代码来解决了，就像刚才编译jpeg的代码，其实它的目录下面同时存在了：

jmemdos.c

jmemmac.c

jmemansi.c

其中两个是没法编译过的，需要删掉后才行。。

个人主页：TBOOX开源工程

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