Network基础(五)：配置静态路由、配置浮动路由、配置多路由的静态路由、配置默认路由
一、配置静态路由
目标：
配置路由接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通。
方案：
按如下网络拓扑配置接口IP地址并通过静态路由的配置实现全网的互通如下图所示：
步骤：
步骤一：配置静态路由
1）R1上配置接口IP
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
2)R2上配置接口IP
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
3）R1上添加静态路由
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
4）R1上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //S表示静态路由
5）R2上添加静态路由
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
6）R2上查看路由条目
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //S表示静态路由
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
7）配置PC1的IP地址为192.168.1.1，网关为192.168.1.254
8）配置PC2的IP地址为192.168.4.1，网关为192.168.4.254
9）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1
PC>ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 8ms
二、配置浮动路由
目标：
配置浮动静态路由
方案：
按如下网络拓扑配置接口IP地址配置浮动路由实现链路的冗余，如下图所示
步骤：
步骤一：配置静态路由并添加模块
1）R1上配置接口IP
在以上静态路由实验的基础上，先分别进入R1与R2的特权模式输入write命令保存配置信息，然后分别进入R1与R2的物理配置界面，点击开关按钮关闭路由器，添加NM-1FE-TX模块并再次点击开关按钮，如下图所示。
2）添加模块后将R1的F1/0接口连接到R2的F1/0接口修改拓扑如下图所示：
3）配置R1的F1/0接口IP
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
4）配置R2的F1/0接口IP
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 1/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
5）R1上添加静态浮动路由
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2 50 //管理距离50
6）R2上添加静态浮动路由
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1 50 //管理距离50
7）R1上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //只有下一跳为192.168.2.2的静态路由
8）禁用F/01接口
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#shutdown
9)R1上查看路由表
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.4.0/24 [50/0] via 192.168.3.2//下一跳接口为192.168.4.2的路由生效
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
10）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1
PC>ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=126
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 5ms
三、配置多路由的静态路由
目标：
配置多路由的静态路由
方案：
网络环境及IP地址规划，如下图所示
步骤：
步骤一：配置路由IP和静态路由
1) R1上配置接口IP
Router(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
2)R2上配置接口IP
R2(config)#interface f0/1
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
3)R3上配置接口IP
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
4）R1、R2、R3上分别添加静态路由
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.2
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
5）R1上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S 192.168.3.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //静态路由
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //静态路由
6）R2上查看路由表
R2#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.2.1 //静态路由
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S 192.168.4.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.2 //静态路由
7）R3上查看路由表
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由
S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //静态路由
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
8）按图-4配置PC的IP地址
9）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.2.2、192.168.3.1、192.168.3.2、192.168.4.1
PC>ping 192.168.2.2 //ping 192.168.2.2
Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 0ms, Average = 0ms
PC>ping 192.168.3.1 //ping 192.168.3.1
Pinging 192.168.3.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=254
Ping statistics for 192.168.3.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 3ms, Average = 0ms
PC>ping 192.168.3.2 //ping 192.168.3.2
Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=253
Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=253
Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 12ms, Average = 6ms
PC>ping 192.168.4.1 //ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=10ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=22ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 22ms, Average = 8ms
四、配置默认路由
目标：
配置默认路由
方案：
网络环境及IP地址规划，如下图所示
步骤：
1）在案例3基础上删除R1与R3的静态路由
R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R1(config)#no ip route 192.168.4.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.2.2
R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.3.1
2）R1、R3添加默认路由
R1(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.2.2
R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.3.1
12）R1上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //默认路由
3）R1、R3上查看路由表
R1#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.2.2 //默认路由
R3#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area
* - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR
P - periodic downloaded static route
Gateway of last resort is 192.168.3.1 to network 0.0.0.0
C 192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
C 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.3.1 //默认路由
4）测试网络连通性,PC1 ping 192.168.4.1
PC>ping 192.168.4.1
Pinging 192.168.4.1 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
Reply from 192.168.4.1: bytes=32 time=14ms TTL=125
Ping statistics for 192.168.4.1:
Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 14ms, Average = 7ms = 0ms，平均 = 0ms
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