第5章 Hyperledger Fabric功能

Hyperledger Fabric is a unique implementation of distributed ledger technology (DLT) that delivers enterprise-ready network security, scalability, confidentiality and performance, in a modular blockchain architecture. Hyperledger Fabric delivers the following blockchain network capabilities:

Hyperledger Fabric是一个分布式账本技术的独特实现，它基于模块化的区块链架提供企业级的网络安全性、可伸缩性、机密性和性能构。Hyperledger Fabric提供以下几种区块链网络功能：

Identity management

To enable permissioned networks, Hyperledger Fabric provides a membership identity service that manages user IDs and authenticates all participants on the network. Access control lists can be used to provide additional layers of permission through authorization of specific network operations. For example, a specific user ID could be permitted to invoke a chaincode application, but blocked from deploying new chaincode. One truism about Hyperledger Fabric networks is that members know each other (identity), but they do not know what each other are doing (privacy and confidentiality).

身份管理

为了实现授权网络，Hyperledger Fabric提供成员身份服务，该服务管理用户ID并认证网络上的所有参与者。访问控制列表通过特定的网络操作授权用于提供额外的权限控制。比如，一个特定的用户ID可允许调用链码（chaincode）应用程序，但不能部署新的链码。众所周知，Hyperledger Fabric网络中，成员之间认识彼此，但他们不知道其他人在干嘛。

Privacy and confidentiality

Hyperledger Fabric enables competing business interests, and any groups that require private, confidential transactions, to coexist on the same permissioned network. Private channels are restricted messaging paths that can be used to provide transaction privacy and confidentiality for specific subsets of network members. All data, including transaction, member and channel information, on a channel are invisible and inaccessible to any network members not explicitly granted access to that channel.

隐私和保密

Hyperledger Fabric支持竞争的商业利益，以及任何需要私人、机密交易的团体，在同一许可网络上共存。私有通道受限于消息传递路径，该路径用于为网络成员的指定子集提供交易的隐私性和机密性。一个通道上的所有数据，包括交易、成员以及通道信息，对于任何未明确授权访问该通道的网络成员来说，都是不可见并且不可访问的。

Efficient processing

Hyperledger Fabric assigns network roles by node type. To provide concurrency and parallelism to the network, transaction execution is separated from transaction ordering and commitment. Executing transactions prior to ordering them enables each peer node to process multiple transactions simultaneously. This concurrent execution increases processing efficiency on each peer and accelerates delivery of transactions to the ordering service.

高效处理

Hyperledger Fabric通过节点类型分配网络角色。为了给网络提供并发性和并行性，交易执行被分割为交易排序与提交。执行交易先于排序，这样能使每个节点同时处理多个交易。这种并发执行的方式提升了每个节点的处理效率，而且使交易传递给排序服务更快。

In addition to enabling parallel processing, the division of labor unburdens ordering nodes from the demands of transaction execution and ledger maintenance, while peer nodes are freed from ordering (consensus) workloads. This bifurcation of roles also limits the processing required for authorization and authentication; all peer nodes do not have to trust all ordering nodes, and vice versa, so processes on one can run independently of verification by the other.

除了支持并行处理之外，劳动分工使排序节点卸去了交易执行与账本维护的需求，同时对等节点也从排序工作中释放出来。这种角色的分叉也限制了授权和认证所需的处理，所有的对等节点无须信任所有排序节点，反之亦然，因此交易处理与验证可独立运行。

Chaincode functionality

Chaincode applications encode logic that is invoked by specific types of transactions on the channel. Chaincode that defines parameters for a change of asset ownership, for example, ensures that all transactions that transfer ownership are subject to the same rules and requirements. System chaincode is distinguished as chaincode that defines operating parameters for the entire channel. Lifecycle and configuration system chaincode defines the rules for the channel; endorsement and validation system chaincode defines the requirements for endorsing and validating transactions.

链码功能

链码应用将逻辑进行编码，该逻辑会被通道上指定的交易类型调用。链码定义了更改资产所有权的参数，确保所有转让所有权的交易遵守相同的规则和要求。系统链码被区分为定义操作整个通道的参数的链码。生命周期和配置链码定义通道规则，背书和校验系统链码定义背书及校验交易的要求。

Modular design

Hyperledger Fabric implements a modular architecture to provide functional choice to network designers. Specific algorithms for identity, ordering (consensus) and encryption, for example, can be plugged in to any Hyperledger Fabric network. The result is a universal blockchain architecture that any industry or public domain can adopt, with the assurance that its networks will be interoperable across market, regulatory and geographic boundaries. By contrast, the assurance that its networks will be interoperable across market, regulatory and geographic boundaries. By contrast,

模块化设计

Hyperledger Fabric实现了一个模块化的架构，为网络设计人员提供功能选择。例如，指定的身份、排序(协商一致)和加密算法可以插入到任何Hyperledger Fabric网络中。其结果是一个任何行业或公共领域都可适用的通用区块链架构，并保证其网络可跨市场、监管和地理边界进行互操作。相比之下，当前Hyperledger Fabric的替代品主要都是党派的、受限的以及特定于行业的。