挂载mount、卸载umount、挂载光盘U盘

mount

[root@localhost ~]# mount
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=490168k,nr_inodes=122542,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda5 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=30,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on /home type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99996k,mode=700)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99996k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
tmpfs on /run/user/1001 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99996k,mode=700,uid=1001,gid=1001)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,relatime)
[root@localhost ~]# mount -l　　　　注释：-l选项有无都一样
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,seclabel)
proc on /proc type proc (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
devtmpfs on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,nosuid,seclabel,size=490168k,nr_inodes=122542,mode=755)
securityfs on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,nosuid,noexec,relatime,seclabel,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,seclabel,mode=755)
tmpfs on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (ro,nosuid,nodev,noexec,seclabel,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,xattr,release_agent=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd-cgroups-agent,name=systemd)
pstore on /sys/fs/pstore type pstore (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuacct,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls,net_prio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,net_prio,net_cls)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,hugetlb)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,perf_event)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/pids type cgroup (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime,pids)
configfs on /sys/kernel/config type configfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda5 on / type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
selinuxfs on /sys/fs/selinux type selinuxfs (rw,relatime)
systemd-1 on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type autofs (rw,relatime,fd=30,pgrp=1,timeout=300,minproto=5,maxproto=5,direct)
mqueue on /dev/mqueue type mqueue (rw,relatime,seclabel)
hugetlbfs on /dev/hugepages type hugetlbfs (rw,relatime,seclabel)
debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
/dev/sda2 on /home type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type xfs (rw,relatime,seclabel,attr2,inode64,noquota)
tmpfs on /run/user/0 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99996k,mode=700)
tmpfs on /run/user/1000 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99996k,mode=700,uid=1000,gid=1000)
tmpfs on /run/user/1001 type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,seclabel,size=99996k,mode=700,uid=1001,gid=1001)
binfmt_misc on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw,relatime)
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# grep -v ^# /etc/fstab

UUID=70dade4c-e85f-4592-a133-26f1fb359801 /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=69ac3810-0e34-4475-9f67-d4cf500c7a98 /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=5554acf0-8374-48ee-893e-425523a8f958 /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=5c5e4732-4d0d-4040-a26a-5b86ad2293b7 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0

挂载、卸载光盘：

[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/cdrom
[root@localhost ~]# 

重新挂载分区，设置是否允许在此分区执行文件：

[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 /home/hello.sh
[root@localhost ~]# /home/hello.sh
hello world.
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o remount,noexec /home/
[root@localhost ~]# /home/hello.sh
-bash: /home/hello.sh: 权限不够
[root@localhost ~]# mount -o remount,exec /home/
[root@localhost ~]# /home/hello.sh
hello world.

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挂载U盘：

需要切换到虚拟机，不能用远程连接，插入U盘后系统自动检测如下:

sdb即为系统检测到U盘，此时可以使用远程连接操作挂载U盘

[root@localhost cdrom]# fdisk -l

磁盘 /dev/sda：21.5 GB, 21474836480 字节，41943040 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0x000e96ef

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      411647      204800   83  Linux
/dev/sda2          411648     4605951     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sda3         4605952     8800255     2097152   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4         8800256    41943039    16571392    5  Extended
/dev/sda5         8802304    41938943    16568320   83  Linux

磁盘 /dev/sdb：1973 MB, 1973420032 字节，3854336 个扇区
Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节
I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节
磁盘标签类型：dos
磁盘标识符：0xcad4ebea

   设备 Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1   *           0           0           0    0  Empty
/dev/sdb4             256     3854335     1927040    c  W95 FAT32 (LBA)

Windows的FAT16为Linux的fat，Windows的FAT32为Linux的vfat

创建U盘挂载点、挂载U盘：

[root@localhost cdrom]# mkdir /mnt/usb　　注释：创建U盘挂载点
[root@localhost cdrom]# ls /mnt
cdrom  usb
[root@localhost cdrom]# mount -t vfat /dev/sdb4 /mnt/usb　　注释：挂载U盘
[root@localhost cdrom]# ls /mnt/usb
1.html  2.pdf  System Volume Information

Linux默认不支持NTFS文件系统，可以通过第3方软件解决此问题。