Java学习笔记——Linux下安装配置MySQL

山重水复疑无路,柳暗花明又一村

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　——游山西村

系统:Ubuntu 16.04LTS

1\官网下载mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

2\建立工作组:
$su
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql

3\创建目录
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql
#mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

4\解压mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz,并拷贝至/usr/local/mysql
#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
#cp -r /home/jieyamulu/mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql

5\修改mysql用户对mysql以下及其子文件夹以下文件的权限,修改后可使用ll查看权限
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# chown -R mysql:mysql mysql
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# ll
总用量 44
drwxr-xr-x 11 root  root  4096 5月  19 07:39 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:30 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:19 bin/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:19 etc/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:19 games/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:19 include/
drwxr-xr-x  4 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:23 lib/
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root  root     9 3月  29 14:11 man -> share/man/
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 5月  19 07:48 mysql/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:19 sbin/
drwxr-xr-x  8 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:34 share/
drwxr-xr-x  2 root  root  4096 2月  16 04:19 src/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local# cd mysql/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ll
总用量 64
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 ./
drwxr-xr-x 11 root  root   4096 5月  19 07:39 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 bin/
-rw-r--r--  1 mysql mysql 17987 5月  19 07:48 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:41 data/
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 docs/
drwxr-xr-x  3 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 include/
drwxr-xr-x  5 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 lib/
drwxr-xr-x  4 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 man/
-rw-r--r--  1 mysql mysql  2478 5月  19 07:48 README
drwxr-xr-x 28 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 share/
drwxr-xr-x  2 mysql mysql  4096 5月  19 07:48 support-files/

6\修改(或新建)/etc/my.cnf 配置文件
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld] basedir=/usr/local/mysql/
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
:wq

7\最关键的初始化
# cd /usr/local/mysql/
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize

2017-05-19T00:15:46.529420Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-05-19T00:15:47.066125Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2017-05-19T00:15:47.213711Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.286951Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 4e958344-3c28-11e7-8334-c8d3ffd2db82.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.292857Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2017-05-19T00:15:47.294758Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: YjaotQk*2ew4
初始密码要记住
这里可能会出现很多问题,比如:
Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
缺少依赖关系包
解决方法:sudo apt-get install libaio-dev
还有可能是之前步骤不对导致了操作data文件的权限不够等等.按照步骤来,缺少什么装什么(有提示),到了这里应该就初始化成功了,那几个Warning,值得注意的是Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.有时间可以查下是怎么回事,这条忽略也没影响.

8\不要着急启动,现在还启动不了.执行代码,将mysql下除了data文件夹外的文件变为root权限
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R root .
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chown -R mysql data

9\启动
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
敲回车
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.18

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql>

10\重置密码
mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('newpasswd');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye

11\设置开机启动
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
root@Ice-***:/usr/local/mysql# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

12\安装mysql-server 和 mysql-client
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-server
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install mysql-client
root@Ice-***:~# apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev

E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
解决办法:
1.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //现将info文件夹更名  
2.$ sudo mkdir /var/lib/dpkg/info //再新建一个新的info文件夹  
3.$ sudo apt-get update,  
 
  $ apt-get -f install //修复依赖树
4.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info/* /var/lib/dpkg/info_old //执行完上一步操作后会在新的info文件夹下生成一些文件，现将这些文件全部移到info_old文件夹下  
5.$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info //把自己新建的info文件夹删掉  
6.$ sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/info_old /var/lib/dpkg/info //把以前的info文件夹重新改回名字

最后,如果是Ubuntu系统可能无法向表中插入汉字,无法从表中查询汉字..

解决办法:
关闭数据库服务
service mysql stop
~$ sudo vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
在[mysqld]下添加一行character_set_server=utf8
配置文件选段:
[mysqld]
#
# * Basic Settings
#
user            = mysql
pid-file        = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
socket          = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
port            = 3306
basedir         = /usr
datadir         = /var/lib/mysql
tmpdir          = /tmp
lc-messages-dir = /usr/share/mysql
character_set_server=utf8  就是这一行,原来是没有的,要手动添加!
skip-external-locking
#
将上述文件拷贝至/etc/mysql/my.cnf
~$ sudo cp /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf
重启数据库服务
~$ /etc/init.d/mysql restart
如果查看字符集能得到如下结果就说明成功了.
mysql> show variables like 'collation_%';
+----------------------+-----------------+
| Variable_name        | Value           |
+----------------------+-----------------+
| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_database   | utf8_general_ci |
| collation_server     | utf8_general_ci |
+----------------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character_set_%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)