基于序列化技术(Protobuf)的socket文件传输

好像好久都没更博文了，没办法，最近各种倒霉事情，搞到最近真的没什么心情，希望之后能够转运吧。

言归正传，这次我要做的是基于序列化技术的socket文件传输来无聊练一下手。

一.socket文件传输

之前我所做的服务器和客户端的tcp/udp通信都是以字符串流来进行单工的，双工的传输，其实关于文件传输的原理也差不多，我的主要方法是通过文件迭代器遍历文件流，并将其读取转化为字符串流，然后将字符串流从服务器端发送，然后客户端在缓冲区中接收数据流，然后并把它写入文件当中，从而实现文件的传输，在下面程序当中，我仅仅是实现由服务器分发，客户端除了接收什么都不做的简单程序。

服务器端：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from socket import *
from time import ctime
import os

HOST = ''
PORT = 21567
BUFSIZ = 4096
ADDR = (HOST,PORT)

tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5)

filename = raw_input('Please input the file name:')

while True:
    print 'waiting for connection...'
    tcpCliSock,addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
    print '...connected from:',addr

    print '向客户端发送文件...'
    f = open(filename,'r')

    for eachLine in f:
        tcpCliSock.send('%s' % eachLine)
    f.close()
    tcpCliSock.close()
    print 'Done!'

tcpSerSock.close()

客户端：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from socket import *

HOST = 'localhost'
PORT = 21567
BUFSIZ = 4096
ADDR = (HOST,PORT)

tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)

filename = raw_input('Please input the filename you will write to:')
f = open(filename,'a')  #以追加模式打开文件
print '正在写文件....'
while True:
    data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
    if not data:
        break
    f.write(data)

f.close()
print 'Done!'
tcpCliSock.close()

还有一种比较方便的方法是用框架SocketServer来实现文件传输的功能，相当于重新实现linux的scp命令。

服务器端：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*-coding:utf-8-*-

import SocketServer

addr = ('',21568)

class DocHandler(SocketServer.StreamRequestHandler):
    def handle(self):
        doc_len = ord(self.rfile.read(1))  #文件的第一个字符代表文件名的长度
        name = self.rfile.read(doc_len)
        print "接收文件:%s" % name
        f = open('../'+name,'w')
        cont = self.rfile.read(4096)
        while cont:
            f.write(cont)
            cont = self.rfile.read(4096)
        f.close()
        print "Done :%s" % name

server = SocketServer.TCPServer(addr,DocHandler)  #利用tcp传输
server.serve_forever()

客户端：

#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

from socket import *
import os.path

addr = ('',21568)

def get_header(name):
    n_len = len(name)
    assert n_len < 250
    #assert语句，代表一个肯定的判定语句，如果为false，会抛出AssertError的异常
    return chr(n_len) + name

def send_file(name):
    basename = os.path.basename(name)
    header = get_header(basename)
    cont = open(name).read()
    s = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
    s.connect(addr)
    s.sendall(header)
    s.sendall(cont)
    s.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    filename = raw_input("请输入你要传输的文件名:")
    send_file(filename)

二.序列化技术

所谓序列化技术，自己可以google一下。

这次我用的序列化技术的框架是google 的protocol buffer（简称protobuf），关于它的详细介绍，可以看看它的介绍，文档和API，它是一种和平台无关，语言无关的技术。

这次的程序我本来想用C++写的，但无奈环境搭建失败，用不了，只好再用python的。

首先为了避免重复劳动，我使用了它原来example的.proto文件，做一个关于名片传输的程序。

addressbook.proto

// See README.txt for information and build instructions.

package tutorial;

option java_package = "com.example.tutorial";
option java_outer_classname = "AddressBookProtos";

message Person {
  required string name = ;
  required int32 id = ;        // Unique ID number for this person.
  optional string email = ;

  enum PhoneType {
    MOBILE = ;
    HOME = ;
    WORK = ;
  }

  message PhoneNumber {
    required string number = ;
    optional PhoneType type =  [default = HOME];
  }

  repeated PhoneNumber phone = ;
}

// Our address book file is just one of these.
message AddressBook {
  repeated Person person = ;
}

输入指令来生成addressbook_pb2.py：（注：如果是C++，则python换为cpp；如果是Java，则python换为java）

protoc -I=./ --python_out=./ addressbook.proto

然后先尝试弄个单机版出来吧。 根据官方的demo修改整合出来的。

add_person.py

#! /usr/bin/python

# See README.txt for information and build instructions.

import addressbook_pb2
import sys

# This function fills in a Person message based on user input.
def PromptForAddress(person):
  person.id = int(raw_input("Enter person ID number: "))
  person.name = raw_input("Enter name: ")

  email = raw_input("Enter email address (blank for none): ")
  if email != "":
    person.email = email

  while True:
    number = raw_input("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ")
    if number == "":
      break

    phone_number = person.phone.add()
    phone_number.number = number

    type = raw_input("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ")
    if type == "mobile":
      phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.MOBILE
    elif type == "home":
      phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME
    elif type == "work":
      phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.WORK
    else:
      print "Unknown phone type; leaving as default value."

# Main procedure:  Reads the entire address book from a file,
#   adds one person based on user input, then writes it back out to the same
#   file.

filename = raw_input('Please input the file name:')

address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()

# Read the existing address book.
try:
  f = open(filename, "rb")
  address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
  f.close()
except IOError:
  print sys.argv[1] + ": File not found.  Creating a new file."

# Add an address.
PromptForAddress(address_book.person.add())

# Write the new address book back to disk.
f = open(filename, "wb")
f.write(address_book.SerializeToString())
f.close()

list_person.py

#! /usr/bin/python

# See README.txt for information and build instructions.

import addressbook_pb2
import sys

# Iterates though all people in the AddressBook and prints info about them.
def ListPeople(address_book):
  for person in address_book.person:
    print "Person ID:", person.id
    print "  Name:", person.name
    if person.HasField('email'):
      print "  E-mail address:", person.email

    for phone_number in person.phone:
      if phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.MOBILE:
        print "  Mobile phone #:",
      elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME:
        print "  Home phone #:",
      elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.WORK:
        print "  Work phone #:",
      print phone_number.number

# Main procedure:  Reads the entire address book from a file and prints all
#   the information inside.
filename = raw_input("Please input the filename:")
address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()

# Read the existing address book.
f = open(filename, "rb")
address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
f.close()

ListPeople(address_book)

运行过没有任何问题。

三.整合

好了，到了最后一步了， 实现的功能时，服务器端先要求你设定你自己要添加自己的名片信息，序列化，然后分发给客户端，客户端再把它反序列化，输出个人信息。

服务器端：

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

 from socket import *
 from time import ctime
 import os
 import addressbook_pb2

 HOST = ''
 PORT = 21567
 BUFSIZ = 4096
 ADDR = (HOST,PORT)

 tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
 tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
 tcpSerSock.listen(5)

 #添加联系人函数
 def PromptForAddress(person):
   person.id = int(raw_input("Enter person ID number: "))
   person.name = raw_input("Enter name: ")

   email = raw_input("Enter email address (blank for none): ")
   if email != "":
     person.email = email

   while True:
     number = raw_input("Enter a phone number (or leave blank to finish): ")
     if number == "":
       break

     phone_number = person.phone.add()
     phone_number.number = number

     type = raw_input("Is this a mobile, home, or work phone? ")
     if type == "mobile":
       phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.MOBILE
     elif type == "home":
       phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME
     elif type == "work":
       phone_number.type = addressbook_pb2.Person.WORK
     else:
       print "Unknown phone type; leaving as default value."

 filename = raw_input('Please input the file name:')

 address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()

 try:
     f = open(filename,"rb")
     address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
     f.close()
 except IOError:
     print filename + ": File not found. Creating a new file."

 #添加联系人信息
 PromptForAddress(address_book.person.add())

 #写进去
 f = open(filename,"wb")
 f.write(address_book.SerializeToString())
 f.close()

 while True:
     print 'waiting for connection...'
     tcpCliSock,addr = tcpSerSock.accept()
     print '...connected from:',addr

     print '向客户端发送文件...'
     f = open(filename,'rb')

     for eachLine in f:
         tcpCliSock.send('%s' % eachLine)
     f.close()
     tcpCliSock.close()
     print 'Done!'

 tcpSerSock.close()

客户端：

 #!/usr/bin/env python
 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 from socket import *
 import addressbook_pb2

 HOST = 'localhost'
 PORT = 21567
 BUFSIZ = 4096
 ADDR = (HOST,PORT)

 tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
 tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)

 #输出信息函数
 def ListPeople(address_book):
   for person in address_book.person:
     print "Person ID:", person.id
     print "  Name:", person.name
     if person.HasField('email'):
       print "  E-mail address:", person.email

     for phone_number in person.phone:
       if phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.MOBILE:
         print "  Mobile phone #:",
       elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.HOME:
         print "  Home phone #:",
       elif phone_number.type == addressbook_pb2.Person.WORK:
         print "  Work phone #:",
       print phone_number.number

 filename = raw_input('Please input the filename you will write to:')
 address_book = addressbook_pb2.AddressBook()

 f = open(filename,'ab')  #以追加模式打开文件
 print '正在写文件....'
 while True:
     data = tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZ)
     if not data:
         break
     f.write(data)

 f.close()
 print 'Done!'

 f = open(filename,"rb")
 address_book.ParseFromString(f.read())
 f.close()

 ListPeople(address_book)

 tcpCliSock.close()

搞定！请多多指教！

转载请注明出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/sysu-blackbear/