python vs java的rsa加密

首先：java的加密解密模块需要更加精细的算法细节指定

java的加密方式

javax.crypto.Cipher，定义的获取方式

tatic Cipher    getInstance(String transformation)
Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.
static Cipher    getInstance(String transformation, Provider provider)
Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.
static Cipher    getInstance(String transformation, String provider)
Returns a Cipher object that implements the specified transformation.

有两个重要参数：

1. transformation定义为

A transformation is a string that describes the operation (or set of operations) to be performed on the given input, to produce some output. A transformation always includes the name of a cryptographic algorithm (e.g., AES), and may be followed by a feedback mode and padding scheme.

A transformation is of the form:

"algorithm/mode/padding" or
"algorithm"
(in the latter case, provider-specific default values for the mode and padding scheme are used). For example, the following is a valid transformation:

     Cipher c = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");

transformation有以下几种：

Every implementation of the Java platform is required to support the following standard Cipher transformations with the keysizes in parentheses:
AES/CBC/NoPadding (128)
AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding (128)
AES/ECB/NoPadding (128)
AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding (128)
DES/CBC/NoPadding (56)
DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding (56)
DES/ECB/NoPadding (56)
DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding (56)
DESede/CBC/NoPadding (168)
DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding (168)
DESede/ECB/NoPadding (168)
DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding (168)
RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding (1024, 2048)
RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-1AndMGF1Padding (1024, 2048)
RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding (1024, 2048)
These transformations are described in the Cipher section of the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation. Consult the release documentation for your implementation to see if any other transformations are supported.

2.provider

可以通过Security.getProviders()查看

        java.security.Provider [] providers=Security.getProviders();
        for(int i=0;i<providers.length;i++){
            System.out.println(providers[i].getName());
        }

具体的provider如下：

SUN
SunRsaSign
SunEC
SunJSSE
SunJCE
SunJGSS
SunSASL
XMLDSig
SunPCSC
SunMSCAPI

python的加密方式需要到具体的代码里面了，如

from crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5 as Cipher_pkcs1_v1_5
# from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5 as Signature_pkcs1_v1_5

def rsaEncrypt(message):
    key = 'MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCYLCumWz6MGHmAMLIaPt3SItIhMYHuyLn48muQz2xKj9PVqETGfjq/GTxHE3wfvGCEs/JXY1rV4uysUuAS/xwZuyJ9j+sB599lzmpxdhIWu/jGMR0h86nnpNUcssYwR3Bww3oU5+dYEtGpfOytMyh3eJeUZiNNBXqH+IaSYfU3hwIDAQAB'
    key1=base64.b64decode(key)
    rsaKey=RSA.importKey(key1)
    cipher=Cipher_pkcs1_v1_5.new(rsaKey)
    temp=cipher.encrypt(message)
    return binascii.b2a_hex(temp)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    rsaEncrypt(13950346593)

进入encypt方法中：

    def encrypt(self, message):
        """Produce the PKCS#1 v1.5 encryption of a message.

        This function is named ``RSAES-PKCS1-V1_5-ENCRYPT``, and it is specified in
        `section 7.2.1 of RFC8017
        <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8017#page-28>`_.

        :param message:
            The message to encrypt, also known as plaintext. It can be of
            variable length, but not longer than the RSA modulus (in bytes) minus 11.
        :type message: bytes/bytearray/memoryview

        :Returns: A byte string, the ciphertext in which the message is encrypted.
            It is as long as the RSA modulus (in bytes).

        :Raises ValueError:
            If the RSA key length is not sufficiently long to deal with the given
            message.
        """

发现其支持的是

PKCS#1 v1.5 encryption

对应java的模式是：

RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding (1024, 2048)

IvParameterSpec

This class specifies an initialization vector (IV). Examples which use IVs are ciphers in feedback mode, e.g., DES in CBC mode and RSA ciphers with OAEP encoding operation.

参考文献：

【1】https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/crypto/Cipher.html#getInstance(java.lang.String)

【2】https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#Cipher

【3】https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/crypto/spec/IvParameterSpec.html