postgreysql

基础

syntax

* \help 生成所有的pg命令
* abort 终止事务/work
* alter aggregate  修改聚合函数的定义
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type ) OWNER TO new_owner
* ALTER CONVERSION 改装物；变换；转变
ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO new_owner
* ALTER DATABASE 修改数据库的某个参数值
ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter  重置
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner
* alter function 修改函数的定义
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ type [, ...] ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
* ALTER GROUP
ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO new_name
* ALTER INDEX
ALTER INDEX name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE indexspace_name
ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
* ALTER LANGUAGE 修改程序语言相关定义
ALTER LANGUAGE name RENAME TO new_name
* ALTER OPERATOR
ALTER OPERATOR name ( { lefttype | NONE } , { righttype | NONE } )
OWNER TO new_owner
* ？？？ ALTER OPERATOR CLASS  什么是OPERATOR？
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method RENAME TO new_name
ALTER OPERATOR CLASS name USING index_method OWNER TO new_owner
* ALTER SCHEMA 这里的schema指的是什么？
ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO new_owner
* ???ALTER SEQUENCE
ALTER SEQUENCE name [ INCREMENT [ BY ] increment ]
[ MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE ]
[ MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE ]
[ RESTART [ WITH ] start ] [ CACHE cache ] [ [ NO ] CYCLE ]
* ALTER TABLE 修改表
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE [ ONLY ] name [ * ]
RENAME [ COLUMN ] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name
RENAME TO new_name

action指如下其中一种操作：
ADD [ COLUMN ] column_type [ column_constraint [ ... ] ]
DROP [ COLUMN ] column [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column TYPE type [ USING expression ]
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET DEFAULT expression
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column DROP DEFAULT
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STATISTICS integer
ALTER [ COLUMN ] column SET STORAGE { PLAIN | EXTERNAL | EXTENDED | MAIN }
ADD table_constraint
DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [ RESTRICT | CASCADE ]
CLUSTER ON index_name
SET WITHOUT CLUSTER
SET WITHOUT OIDS
OWNER TO new_owner
SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
* ALTER TABLESPACE 修改表空间？什么是tablespace？
ALTER TABLESPACE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLESPACE name OWNER TO new_owner
* ALTER TRIGGER 修改触发器
ALTER TRIGGER name ON table RENAME TO new_name
* ？？？ALTER TYPE type指的是什么？？？
ALTER TYPE name OWNER TO new_owner
* ALTER USER  修改数据库用户账户
ALTER USER name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]
ALTER USER name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER USER name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER USER name RESET parameter

options：
[ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
| CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
| CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
| VALID UNTIL 'abstime'

* ANALYZE 收集数据库的统计数据
ANALYZE [ VERBOSE ] [ table [ (column [, ...] ) ] ]

* begin 开始一个事务block
BEGIN [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ transaction_mode [, ...] ]

transaction_model
ISOLATION LEVEL { SERIALIZABLE | REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED
| READ UNCOMMITTED }
READ WRITE | READ ONLY

* checkpoint 强制事务打检查点日志
* close 关闭游标
* cluster 聚类 根据索引给表聚类
cluster index_name on table_name
cluster table_name
cluster

* COMMENT 定义或者修改对象的注释
COMMENT ON
{
TABLE object_name |
COLUMN table_name.column_name |
AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type) |
CAST (source_type AS target_type) |
CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
CONVERSION object_name |
DATABASE object_name |
DOMAIN object_name |
FUNCTION func_name (arg1_type, arg2_type, ...) |
INDEX object_name |
LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
OPERATOR op (left_operand_type, right_operand_type) |
OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
[ PROCEDURAL ] LANGUAGE object_name |
RULE rule_name ON table_name |
SCHEMA object_name |
SEQUENCE object_name |
TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
TYPE object_name |
VIEW object_name
} IS 'text'

* commit 提交当前事务
commit work / transaction

* COPY 文件和文件，以及表和表之间，copy数据
COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
FROM { 'filename' | STDIN }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...] ]
COPY table_name [ ( column [, ...] ) ]
TO { 'filename' | STDOUT }
[ [ WITH ]
[ BINARY ]
[ OIDS ]
[ DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter' ]
[ NULL [ AS ] 'null string' ]
[ CSV [ QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote' ]
[ ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' ]
[ FORCE QUOTE column [, ...] ]

* create aggregate 定义一个聚合函数
CREATE AGGREGATE name (
BASETYPE = input_data_type,
SFUNC = sfunc,
STYPE = state_data_type
[ , FINALFUNC = ffunc ]
[ , INITCOND = initial_condition ]
)

* CREATE CAST 什么是cast？？
CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITH FUNCTION func_name (arg_types)
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]
CREATE CAST (source_type AS target_type)
WITHOUT FUNCTION
[ AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT ]

* CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER 定义一个有约束的触发器
CREATE CONSTRAINT TRIGGER name
AFTER events ON
table_name constraint attributes
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE func_name ( args )

* CREATE CONVERSION
CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name
FOR source_encoding TO dest_encoding FROM func_name

* create database
CREATE DATABASE name
[ [ WITH ] [ OWNER [=] db_owner ]
[ TEMPLATE [=] template ]
[ ENCODING [=] encoding ]
[ TABLESPACE [=] tablespace ] ]

* CREATE DOMAIN ???domain? 怎样使用
CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type
[ DEFAULT expression ]
[ constraint [ ... ] ]

constraint
[ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ]
{ NOT NULL | NULL | CHECK (expression) }
* create function
CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] FUNCTION name ( [ [ arg_name ] arg_type [, ...] ] )
RETURNS ret_type
{ LANGUAGE lang_name
| IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
| CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
| [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY INVOKER | [ EXTERNAL ] SECURITY DEFINER
| AS 'definition'
| AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol'
} ...
[ WITH ( attribute [, ...] ) ]

* CREATE GROUP