题目大意:
  一个$n(n\le3000)$个点的有向图,$q(q\le4\times10^5)$组询问,每次询问$s_i,t_i$之间是否存在一条字典序最小的路径(可以重复经过不为$t_i$的结点)。若存在,求出该路径上经过的第$k_i$个结点。

思路:
  将原图的边反向。考虑根据$t_i$对所有询问进行分组。对于$t_i$相同的询问,在反向图中DFS,求出每个结点到$t_i$的最小字典序路径中的下一个结点是多少,这可以转化为一个树形结构。若$s_i$与$t_i$不连通,则说明路径不存在;若$s_i$的第$2^{\lfloor\log_2n\rfloor+1}$级祖先存在,则说明存在环。询问第$k_i$个结点可以树上倍增。

 #include<cstdio>
#include<cctype>
#include<cstring>
#include<forward_list>
inline int getint() {
register char ch;
while(!isdigit(ch=getchar()));
register int x=ch^'';
while(isdigit(ch=getchar())) x=(((x<<)+x)<<)+(ch^'');
return x;
}
constexpr int N=,Q=4e5,logN=;
std::forward_list<int> e[N];
struct Query {
int s,k,id;
};
std::forward_list<Query> q[N];
int ans[Q],anc[N][logN];
inline int lg2(const float &x) {
return ((unsigned&)x>>&)-;
}
void dfs(const int &x,const int &par,const int &s) {
anc[x][]=par;
for(auto &y:e[x]) {
if(y==s||(anc[y][]&&anc[y][]<=x)) continue;
dfs(y,x,s);
}
}
int main() {
const int n=getint(),m=getint(),cnt_q=getint(),lim=lg2(n)+;
for(register int i=;i<m;i++) {
const int u=getint(),v=getint();
e[v].push_front(u);
}
for(register int i=;i<cnt_q;i++) {
const int s=getint(),t=getint(),k=getint();
q[t].push_front({s,k-,i});
}
for(register int i=;i<=n;i++) {
if(q[i].empty()) continue;
memset(anc,,sizeof anc);
dfs(i,,i);
for(register int j=;j<=lim;j++) {
for(register int i=;i<=n;i++) {
anc[i][j]=anc[anc[i][j-]][j-];
}
}
for(register auto &j:q[i]) {
if(!anc[j.s][]||anc[j.s][lim]) continue;
for(register int i=;j.k;j.k>>=,i++) {
if(j.k&) j.s=anc[j.s][i];
}
ans[j.id]=j.s;
}
}
for(register int i=;i<cnt_q;i++) {
printf("%d\n",ans[i]?:-);
}
return ;
}

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