【Mysql】 MysqlDump导表结构或数据

mysqldump只导出表结构或只导出数据的实现方法

语法：

默认不带参数的导出，导出文本内容大概如下：创建数据库判断语句-删除表-创建表-锁表-禁用索引-插入数据-启用索引-解锁表。

Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]

　　

一：导出数据库 

代码如下:

#mysqldump　数据库名　>数据库备份名
#mysqldump　-A　-u用户名　-p密码　数据库名>数据库备份名
#mysqldump　-d　-A　--add-drop-table　-uroot　-p　>xxx.sql

　　

1.1：导出所有数据库

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off --all-databases > /data1/xinchen/testdump/all.sql

　　

1.2：导出test_db1、test_db2数据库

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off --databases test_db1 test_db2> /data1/xinchen/testdump/dump_dbs.sql

　　

二：导出表数据

2.1：导出test_db1中的table11、table12表

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off --databases test_db1 --tables table11 table12 > /data1/xinchen/testdump/dump_table1.sql

　　

2.2：条件导出表数据

如果多个表的条件相同可以一次性导出多个表。

• 条件字段是整型

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off --databases test_db1 --tables table11 --where='id=11' > /data1/xinchen/testdump/dump_table2.sql

　　

• 条件字段是字符串

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off --databases test_db1 --tables table11 --where="name='name12'" > /data1/xinchen/testdump/dump_table3.sql

　　

2.3：导出表数据,不包含drop table，create table

增加参数：--no-create-info

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off --no-create-info --databases test_db1 --tables table11 --where="name='name12'" > /data1/xinchen/testdump/dump_table4.sql

　　

2.4.只导出表结构不导出数据 

代码如下:

mysqldump　--opt　-d　数据库名　-u　root　-p　>　xxx.sql　　

增加参数：--no-data

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off --no-data --databases test_db1 --tables table11 --where="name='name12'" > /data1/xinchen/testdump/dump_table5.sql

　　

2.5.导出数据不导出结构

代码如下:

mysqldump　-t　数据库名　-uroot　-p　>　xxx.sql　

　　

2.6.导出数据和表结构

代码如下:

mysqldump　数据库名　-uroot　-p　>　xxx.sql　

　　

2.7.导出特定表的结构 

代码如下:

mysqldump　-uroot　-p　-B　数据库名　--table　表名　>　xxx.sql　　

　　

三：其他导出参数

前面统一的内容都省略：

mysqldump -h192.168.1.1 -P3306 -uroot -ppassword --set-gtid-purged=off 

3.1：生成新的binlog文件：-F

有时候会希望导出数据之后生成一个新的binlog文件,只需要加上-F参数即可

mysqldump -h -P -u -p --set-gtid-purged=off -B test_db1 --tables table11 --where="name='name12'" > /tmp/tb1.sql

3.2：跨服务器导出导入数据

mysqldump --host=h1 -P -u -p --databases db1 | mysql --host=h2 -uroot -proot db2

3.2：--opt

等同于--add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options, --quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset, --disable-keys 该选项默认开启, 可以用--skip-opt禁用.

mysqldump -uroot -p --host=localhost --all-databases --opt

四：导入数据

由于mysqldump导出的是完整的SQL语句，所以用mysql客户程序很容易就能把数据导入了：

代码如下:

#mysql　数据库名　<　文件名
#source　/tmp/xxx.sql　

　　

　

 

 

四：mysqldump详细参数介绍：

[root@centos bin]# mysqldump --help

详细内容：

[root@centos bin]# mysqldump --help
mysqldump  Ver 8.0.18 for linux-glibc2.12 on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Dumping structure and contents of MySQL databases and tables.
Usage: mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
OR     mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]

Default options are read from the following files in the given order:
/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf /usr/local/mysql/etc/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf
The following groups are read: mysqldump client
The following options may be given as the first argument:
--print-defaults        Print the program argument list and exit.
--no-defaults           Don't read default options from any option file,
                        except for login file.
--defaults-file=#       Only read default options from the given file #.
--defaults-extra-file=# Read this file after the global files are read.
--defaults-group-suffix=#
                        Also read groups with concat(group, suffix)
--login-path=#          Read this path from the login file.
  -A, --all-databases Dump all the databases. This will be same as --databases
                      with all databases selected.
  -Y, --all-tablespaces
                      Dump all the tablespaces.
  -y, --no-tablespaces
                      Do not dump any tablespace information.
  --add-drop-database Add a DROP DATABASE before each create.
  --add-drop-table    Add a DROP TABLE before each create.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-drop-table to disable.)
  --add-drop-trigger  Add a DROP TRIGGER before each create.
  --add-locks         Add locks around INSERT statements.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-add-locks to disable.)
  --allow-keywords    Allow creation of column names that are keywords.
  --apply-slave-statements
                      Adds 'STOP SLAVE' prior to 'CHANGE MASTER' and 'START
                      SLAVE' to bottom of dump.
  --bind-address=name IP address to bind to.
  --character-sets-dir=name
                      Directory for character set files.
  --column-statistics Add an ANALYZE TABLE statement to regenerate any existing
                      column statistics.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-column-statistics to disable.)
  -i, --comments      Write additional information.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-comments to disable.)
  --compatible=name   Change the dump to be compatible with a given mode. By
                      default tables are dumped in a format optimized for
                      MySQL. The only legal mode is ANSI.Note: Requires MySQL
                      server version 4.1.0 or higher. This option is ignored
                      with earlier server versions.
  --compact           Give less verbose output (useful for debugging). Disables
                      structure comments and header/footer constructs.  Enables
                      options --skip-add-drop-table --skip-add-locks
                      --skip-comments --skip-disable-keys --skip-set-charset.
  -c, --complete-insert
                      Use complete insert statements.
  -C, --compress      Use compression in server/client protocol.
  -a, --create-options
                      Include all MySQL specific create options.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-create-options to disable.)
  -B, --databases     Dump several databases. Note the difference in usage; in
                      this case no tables are given. All name arguments are
                      regarded as database names. 'USE db_name;' will be
                      included in the output.
  -#, --debug[=#]     This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
  --debug-check       This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
  --debug-info        This is a non-debug version. Catch this and exit.
  --default-character-set=name
                      Set the default character set.
  --delete-master-logs
                      Delete logs on master after backup. This automatically
                      enables --master-data.
  -K, --disable-keys  '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name DISABLE KEYS */; and
                      '/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_name ENABLE KEYS */; will be put
                      in the output.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-disable-keys to disable.)
  --dump-slave[=#]    This causes the binary log position and filename of the
                      master to be appended to the dumped data output. Setting
                      the value to 1, will printit as a CHANGE MASTER command
                      in the dumped data output; if equal to 2, that command
                      will be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will
                      turn --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
                      specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
                      taken a short time at the beginning of the dump - don't
                      forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
                      cases any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
                      of the dump.Option automatically turns --lock-tables off.
  -E, --events        Dump events.
  -e, --extended-insert
                      Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several
                      VALUES lists.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-extended-insert to disable.)
  --fields-terminated-by=name
                      Fields in the output file are terminated by the given
                      string.
  --fields-enclosed-by=name
                      Fields in the output file are enclosed by the given
                      character.
  --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=name
                      Fields in the output file are optionally enclosed by the
                      given character.
  --fields-escaped-by=name
                      Fields in the output file are escaped by the given
                      character.
  -F, --flush-logs    Flush logs file in server before starting dump. Note that
                      if you dump many databases at once (using the option
                      --databases= or --all-databases), the logs will be
                      flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when
                      using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: in this case
                      the logs will be flushed only once, corresponding to the
                      moment all tables are locked. So if you want your dump
                      and the log flush to happen at the same exact moment you
                      should use --lock-all-tables or --master-data with
                      --flush-logs.
  --flush-privileges  Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping the mysql
                      database.  This option should be used any time the dump
                      contains the mysql database and any other database that
                      depends on the data in the mysql database for proper
                      restore.
  -f, --force         Continue even if we get an SQL error.
  -?, --help          Display this help message and exit.
  --hex-blob          Dump binary strings (BINARY, VARBINARY, BLOB) in
                      hexadecimal format.
  -h, --host=name     Connect to host.
  --ignore-error=name A comma-separated list of error numbers to be ignored if
                      encountered during dump.
  --ignore-table=name Do not dump the specified table. To specify more than one
                      table to ignore, use the directive multiple times, once
                      for each table.  Each table must be specified with both
                      database and table names, e.g.,
                      --ignore-table=database.table.
  --include-master-host-port
                      Adds 'MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>' to 'CHANGE
                      MASTER TO..' in dump produced with --dump-slave.
  --insert-ignore     Insert rows with INSERT IGNORE.
  --lines-terminated-by=name
                      Lines in the output file are terminated by the given
                      string.
  -x, --lock-all-tables
                      Locks all tables across all databases. This is achieved
                      by taking a global read lock for the duration of the
                      whole dump. Automatically turns --single-transaction and
                      --lock-tables off.
  -l, --lock-tables   Lock all tables for read.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-lock-tables to disable.)
  --log-error=name    Append warnings and errors to given file.
  --master-data[=#]   This causes the binary log position and filename to be
                      appended to the output. If equal to 1, will print it as a
                      CHANGE MASTER command; if equal to 2, that command will
                      be prefixed with a comment symbol. This option will turn
                      --lock-all-tables on, unless --single-transaction is
                      specified too (in which case a global read lock is only
                      taken a short time at the beginning of the dump; don't
                      forget to read about --single-transaction below). In all
                      cases, any action on logs will happen at the exact moment
                      of the dump. Option automatically turns --lock-tables
                      off.
  --max-allowed-packet=#
                      The maximum packet length to send to or receive from
                      server.
  --net-buffer-length=#
                      The buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication.
  --no-autocommit     Wrap tables with autocommit/commit statements.
  -n, --no-create-db  Suppress the CREATE DATABASE ... IF EXISTS statement that
                      normally is output for each dumped database if
                      --all-databases or --databases is given.
  -t, --no-create-info
                      Don't write table creation info.
  -d, --no-data       No row information.
  -N, --no-set-names  Same as --skip-set-charset.
  --opt               Same as --add-drop-table, --add-locks, --create-options,
                      --quick, --extended-insert, --lock-tables, --set-charset,
                      and --disable-keys. Enabled by default, disable with
                      --skip-opt.
  --order-by-primary  Sorts each table's rows by primary key, or first unique
                      key, if such a key exists.  Useful when dumping a MyISAM
                      table to be loaded into an InnoDB table, but will make
                      the dump itself take considerably longer.
  -p, --password[=name]
                      Password to use when connecting to server. If password is
                      not given it's solicited on the tty.
  -P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection.
  --protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
                      memory).
  -q, --quick         Don't buffer query, dump directly to stdout.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-quick to disable.)
  -Q, --quote-names   Quote table and column names with backticks (`).
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-quote-names to disable.)
  --replace           Use REPLACE INTO instead of INSERT INTO.
  -r, --result-file=name
                      Direct output to a given file. This option should be used
                      in systems (e.g., DOS, Windows) that use carriage-return
                      linefeed pairs (\r\n) to separate text lines. This option
                      ensures that only a single newline is used.
  -R, --routines      Dump stored routines (functions and procedures).
  --set-charset       Add 'SET NAMES default_character_set' to the output.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-set-charset to disable.)
  --set-gtid-purged[=name]
                      Add 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' to the output. Possible
                      values for this option are ON, COMMENTED, OFF and AUTO.
                      If ON is used and GTIDs are not enabled on the server, an
                      error is generated. If COMMENTED is used, 'SET
                      @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is added as a comment. If OFF is
                      used, this option does nothing. If AUTO is used and GTIDs
                      are enabled on the server, 'SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED' is
                      added to the output. If GTIDs are disabled, AUTO does
                      nothing. If no value is supplied then the default (AUTO)
                      value will be considered.
  --single-transaction
                      Creates a consistent snapshot by dumping all tables in a
                      single transaction. Works ONLY for tables stored in
                      storage engines which support multiversioning (currently
                      only InnoDB does); the dump is NOT guaranteed to be
                      consistent for other storage engines. While a
                      --single-transaction dump is in process, to ensure a
                      valid dump file (correct table contents and binary log
                      position), no other connection should use the following
                      statements: ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE,
                      TRUNCATE TABLE, as consistent snapshot is not isolated
                      from them. Option automatically turns off --lock-tables.
  --dump-date         Put a dump date to the end of the output.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-dump-date to disable.)
  --skip-opt          Disable --opt. Disables --add-drop-table, --add-locks,
                      --create-options, --quick, --extended-insert,
                      --lock-tables, --set-charset, and --disable-keys.
  -S, --socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.
  --server-public-key-path=name
                      File path to the server public RSA key in PEM format.
  --get-server-public-key
                      Get server public key
  --ssl-mode=name     SSL connection mode.
  --ssl-ca=name       CA file in PEM format.
  --ssl-capath=name   CA directory.
  --ssl-cert=name     X509 cert in PEM format.
  --ssl-cipher=name   SSL cipher to use.
  --ssl-key=name      X509 key in PEM format.
  --ssl-crl=name      Certificate revocation list.
  --ssl-crlpath=name  Certificate revocation list path.
  --tls-version=name  TLS version to use, permitted values are: TLSv1, TLSv1.1,
                      TLSv1.2, TLSv1.3
  --ssl-fips-mode=name
                      SSL FIPS mode (applies only for OpenSSL); permitted
                      values are: OFF, ON, STRICT
  --tls-ciphersuites=name
                      TLS v1.3 cipher to use.
  -T, --tab=name      Create tab-separated textfile for each table to given
                      path. (Create .sql and .txt files.) NOTE: This only works
                      if mysqldump is run on the same machine as the mysqld
                      server.
  --tables            Overrides option --databases (-B).
  --triggers          Dump triggers for each dumped table.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-triggers to disable.)
  --tz-utc            SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' at top of dump to allow dumping of
                      TIMESTAMP data when a server has data in different time
                      zones or data is being moved between servers with
                      different time zones.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-tz-utc to disable.)
  -u, --user=name     User for login if not current user.
  -v, --verbose       Print info about the various stages.
  -V, --version       Output version information and exit.
  -w, --where=name    Dump only selected records. Quotes are mandatory.
  -X, --xml           Dump a database as well formed XML.
  --plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.
  --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
  --enable-cleartext-plugin
                      Enable/disable the clear text authentication plugin.
  -M, --network-timeout
                      Allows huge tables to be dumped by setting
                      max_allowed_packet to maximum value and
                      net_read_timeout/net_write_timeout to large value.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-network-timeout to disable.)
  --show-create-table-skip-secondary-engine
                      Controls whether SECONDARY_ENGINE CREATE TABLE clause
                      should be dumped or not. No effect on older servers that
                      do not support the server side option.
  --compression-algorithms=name
                      Use compression algorithm in server/client protocol.
                      Valid values are any combination of
                      'zstd','zlib','uncompressed'.
  --zstd-compression-level=#
                      Use this compression level in the client/server protocol,
                      in case --compression-algorithms=zstd. Valid range is
                      between 1 and 22, inclusive. Default is 3.

Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}        Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------------- ----------------------------------
all-databases                           FALSE
all-tablespaces                         FALSE
no-tablespaces                          FALSE
add-drop-database                       FALSE
add-drop-table                          TRUE
add-drop-trigger                        FALSE
add-locks                               TRUE
allow-keywords                          FALSE
apply-slave-statements                  FALSE
bind-address                            (No default value)
character-sets-dir                      (No default value)
column-statistics                       TRUE
comments                                TRUE
compatible                              (No default value)
compact                                 FALSE
complete-insert                         FALSE
compress                                FALSE
create-options                          TRUE
databases                               FALSE
default-character-set                   utf8mb4
delete-master-logs                      FALSE
disable-keys                            TRUE
dump-slave                              0
events                                  FALSE
extended-insert                         TRUE
fields-terminated-by                    (No default value)
fields-enclosed-by                      (No default value)
fields-optionally-enclosed-by           (No default value)
fields-escaped-by                       (No default value)
flush-logs                              FALSE
flush-privileges                        FALSE
force                                   FALSE
hex-blob                                FALSE
host                                    (No default value)
ignore-error                            (No default value)
include-master-host-port                FALSE
insert-ignore                           FALSE
lines-terminated-by                     (No default value)
lock-all-tables                         FALSE
lock-tables                             TRUE
log-error                               (No default value)
master-data                             0
max-allowed-packet                      25165824
net-buffer-length                       1046528
no-autocommit                           FALSE
no-create-db                            FALSE
no-create-info                          FALSE
no-data                                 FALSE
order-by-primary                        FALSE
port                                    0
quick                                   TRUE
quote-names                             TRUE
replace                                 FALSE
routines                                FALSE
set-charset                             TRUE
single-transaction                      FALSE
dump-date                               TRUE
socket                                  (No default value)
server-public-key-path                  (No default value)
get-server-public-key                   FALSE
ssl-ca                                  (No default value)
ssl-capath                              (No default value)
ssl-cert                                (No default value)
ssl-cipher                              (No default value)
ssl-key                                 (No default value)
ssl-crl                                 (No default value)
ssl-crlpath                             (No default value)
tls-version                             (No default value)
tls-ciphersuites                        (No default value)
tab                                     (No default value)
triggers                                TRUE
tz-utc                                  TRUE
user                                    (No default value)
verbose                                 FALSE
where                                   (No default value)
plugin-dir                              (No default value)
default-auth                            (No default value)
enable-cleartext-plugin                 FALSE
network-timeout                         TRUE
show-create-table-skip-secondary-engine FALSE
compression-algorithms                  (No default value)
zstd-compression-level                  3