第八章 监控 Zabbix

1.1   YUM部署 Zabbix 2.4

1.  前期准备（省略）

l   Yum源的配置

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/; mkdir old;mv ./* old/

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el6/latest.rpm

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo

wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo

yum clean all

yun list

l   MySQL部署

rpm -e mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64 --nodeps

yum install mysql55w-server.x86_64

/etc/init.d/mysqld start

mv /etc/yum.repos.d/webtatic* /etc/yum.repos.d/old

yum clean all

l   OS 优化

2. 下载并安装Zabbix官方源（http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/）

rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.4/rhel/6/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm

3. YUM安装Zabbix

yum -y install iksemel libssh2 zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-agent net-snmp-devel net-snmp-libs net-snmp-perl net-snmp-utils net-snmp

4. 创建Zabbix数据库及远程连接用户（服务端）

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock-e "create database zabbix character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;"

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock -e "grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@'10.1.1.%' identified by 'zabbix'; flush privileges;"

5. 导入Zabbix基础数据并启动Zabbix

cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-2.4.*/create/

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock zabbix < schema.sql

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock zabbix < images.sql

mysql -uroot-S /tmp/mysql.sock zabbix < data.sql

6. Zabbix_Server配置文件

DBHost/DBSocket参数根据需要进行修改

sed -i 's/^.*DBPassword=.*$/DBPassword=zabbix/' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

缺一键修改

egrep -v '(^$|\#)' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

LogFileSize=0

PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_server.pid

DBHost=192.168.1.222

DBName=zabbix

DBUser=zabbix

DBPassword=zabbix

DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock

SNMPTrapperFile=/var/log/snmptt/snmptt.log

AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

ExternalScripts=/usr/lib/zabbix/externalscripts

启动zabbix服务

service zabbix-server start

service zabbix-agent start

7. 调整PHP配置（php.ini）

sed -i 's/^.*date.timezone =.*$/date.timezone = Asia\/Shanghai/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.*post_max_size =.*$/post_max_size = 16M/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.*max_execution_time =.*$/max_execution_time = 300/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.*max_input_time =.*$/max_input_time = 300/g' /etc/php.ini

sed -i 's/^.* memory_limit =.*$/memory_limit = 128M/g'  /etc/php.ini

service httpd restart

8. 配置服务开机启动

chkconfig zabbix-server on

chkconfig zabbix-agent on

chkconfig httpd on

9. 打开浏览器，访问http://server_ip/zabbix/

登陆Zabbix 用户名密码：Admin/zabbix注意Admin的“A”大写

10.   配置Zabbix显示中文

profile-->Language-->chinese

11.    解决图形中中文显示问题

从Windows中C:\Windows\Fonts拷贝想要的字体到/opt下

cat /opt/msyhbd.ttf > /usr/share/zabbix/fonts/graphfont.ttf

不替换 graphfont.ttf的方法

vi /usr/share/zabbix/include/defines.inc.php

('ZBX_GRAPH_FONT_NAME',          'graphfont');

#将graphfont替换为下载的文件名即可

('ZBX_FONT_NAME', 'graphfont');

#将graphfont替换为下载的文件名即可

12.   关注Zabbix_Server日志

tail -f /var/log/zabbix/zabbix_server.log

1922:20141126:144903.783 cannot send list of active checks to [127.0.0.1]: host [Zabbix server] not monitored

其中有一个'cannot send list of active checks to ' 这种类型不算错误，后续更新Zabbix Agent(active)会描述这个情况.

1.2   YUM部署Zabbix2.4客户端（Centos）

rpm -ivh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.4/rhel/6/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm

yum install zabbix-agent  zabbix-sender zabbix-get -y

1.  修改Zabbix_Agent配置文件（服务器端自监控用也需要配置）

grep -vE '(^$|^\#)' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid

LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log

LogFileSize=0

Server=192.168.1.222

#修改为Server的IP，支持多个IP，逗号分隔，使用域名的话，需要支持反向解析

#ServerActive=192.168.1.222

#修改为Server的IP，不支持写多个IP

HostnameItem=system.hostname

#默认是用Hostname需要手动指定主机名，改为HostnameItem 使用内部key的自动获取方式

Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/

标准配置文件

[root@Server-B opt]# grep -vE '(^$|^\#)' /etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf

PidFile=/var/run/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.pid

LogFile=/var/log/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.log

LogFileSize=0

Server=192.168.1.200

ServerActive=192.168.1.200

HostnameItem=system.hostname

Include=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.d/

2. 启动zabbix-agent并配置开机启动

/etc/init.d/zabbix-agent start

chkconfig zabbix-agent on

1.3   Zabbix客户端部署（Windows）

在windows控制台下执行以下命令：

E:\zabbix\bin\win32\zabbix_agentd.exe  -c E:\zabbix\conf\zabbix_agentd.win.conf –i

启动命令如下：

E:\zabbix\bin\win32\zabbix_agentd.exe  -c E:\zabbix\conf\zabbix_agentd.win.conf –s

1.4   Fpmmm模板部署（原MPM）

手册地址：http://www.fromdual.com/fpmmm-installation-guide

下载地址：https://support.fromdual.com/admin/download/fpmmm-0.10.5.tar.gz

1.  安装及基础设置

yum install php-cli php-process php-mysqli

cat << _EOF >/etc/php.d/fpmmm.ini

variables_order = "EGPCS"

date.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'

_EOF

rpm -Uvh http://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/2.2/rhel/6/x86_64/zabbix-release-2.4-1.el6.noarch.rpm

yum update

yum install zabbix-sender zabbix-agent zabbix

2. 下载并上传fpmmm文件到/opt目录下

cd /opt

tar xf /tmp/fpmmm-0.10.5.tar.gz

ln -s fpmmm-0.10.5 fpmmm

3.    配置fpmmm

mkdir /etc/fpmmm

cp /opt/fpmmm/tpl/fpmmm.conf.template /etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf

chown -R zabbix: /etc/fpmmm

模板

[default]

Type= mysqld

LogLevel= 2

LogFile= /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmm.log

CacheFileBase = /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmmCache

AgentLockFile = /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmm.lock

# Zabbix Server IP address

ZabbixServer= 192.168.1.233

[G1-MySQL-M1]          # This MUST match Hostname in Zabbix!

Type= mysqld

Username= fpmmmonit

Password= fpmmmonit

MysqlPort= 3306

MysqlHost= 192.168.1.210

Modules= process mysql myisam innodb master server fpmmm security

PidFile= /data/mysql3306/G1-MySQL-M1.pid

[G1-MySQL-M1]要和zabbix中的Host name中的定义要一致

4. 增加本地授权（收集数据）

GRANT SELECT, PROCESS, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO 'fpmmmonit'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'fpmmmonit';

flush privileges;

5. 测试

/opt/fpmmm/bin/fpmmm --config=/etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf

1

cat /tmp/fpmmm/fpmmm.log

6799:2016-03-03 20:56:50.016 - INFO: FromDual Performance Monitor for MySQL and MariaDB (fpmmm) (0.10.5) run started.

6799:2016-03-03 20:56:51.666 - INFO: FromDual Performance Monitor for MySQL and MariaDB (fpmmm) run finished (rc=0).

6. ADDING THE FPMMM TEMLATES TO ZABBIX

Go to Configuration > Templates > Import and import all the fpmmm templates.

7. CREATE HOSTS ON YOUR ZABBIX SERVER

A host in Zabbix terminology is a device you want to monitor. This can be either a machine or a MySQL database or something else.

First we have to create 2 hosts, one for the machine and one for the database: Configuration > Hosts > Create host.

Make sure that Host name matches exactly the hostname specified in fpmmm.conf (my_machine and my_mysqld).

Then add the templates fpmmm and server to the machine host (my_machine) and the other templates to the database host (my_mysqld).

Then test again if your fpmmm data reaches your Zabbix server: Monitoring > Latest data > fpmmm and check the time stamp of Last check for example.

8. REGULARLY RUNNING THE FPMMM AGENT

There are 2 different possibilities to run fpmmm regularly. First by the Zabbix agent:

Put the following line either into its own file (/etc/zabbix/conf.d/fpmmm.conf) or add it to the Zabbix agent configuartion file (/etc/zabbix/zabbix_agentd.conf).

UserParameter=FromDual.MySQL.check,/opt/fpmmm/bin/fpmmm --config=/etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf

or second by the crontab:

* * * * * /opt/fpmmm/bin/fpmmm --config=/etc/fpmmm/fpmmm.conf >/dev/null

1.5   集成OneAlter短信、邮箱、微信告警

OneAlter属于OneAPM下的子模块，可免费试用

网站首页：http://www.onealert.com/

下载页面：http://www.onealert.com/open/alert/download.jsp

1.  下载agent软件包

2. OneAlter中配置

设置分派、设置应用，获得应用key

3. 安装Agent

将agent更新到zabbix的外部告警脚本目录alertscripts，如果是源码安装的请自行更改目录。

tar xzf alert-agent-4.1.3.1-linux-x64.tar.gz

cp -R alert-agent /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

cd /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

chown -R zabbix:zabbix alert-agent

cp alert-agent/plugin/zabbix-plugin/110monitor /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/

chmod +x /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/110monitor

源码安装的盆友需要注意看配置文件/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf

# AlertScriptsPath=/zabbix/alertscripts

AlertScriptsPath=/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts

请将agent更新至AlertScriptsPath目录中

alert-agent目录和110monitor需要放在同一级目录里面

4. 创建110monitor通知方式

创建媒体类型Media types,，“Administrator”->“Media types”->“Create media type”

采用脚本模式script,脚本名为110monitor. 系统会在/usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/下查找上面的110monitor指令

5. 创建110monitor用户

创建用户110monitor并设置通知媒介，登录zabbix，“Administrator”->“Users”->“create user”.

l   将110monitor用户加入到"Zabbix Administrator组"或者是新建组.

l   媒体类型，添加110monitor，并且设置appkey为发送目标.

l   设置所有权限"Zabbix Super Admin"

新建110monitor用户.

设置媒介类型.

设置权限.

6. 创建触发动作发送通知

创建告警通知策略，"Configurationg"->"Actions"->"Create action"

l   名称110monitor

l   主题为trigger和resolve，意味着告警触发和恢复都会同步到110monitor

l   设置告警内容，注意冒号":"前的内容不可变更，冒号":"后的内容可以自行编辑

alarmName:{TRIGGER.NAME}

entityName:{HOSTNAME}

entityId:{IPADDRESS}

value:{TRIGGER.VALUE}

eventId:{EVENT.ID}

priority:{TRIGGER.SEVERITY}

alarmContent:{IPADDRESS} {ITEM.NAME}:{ITEM.VALUE}

注意！自行配制的通知模板是不行的，需要严格按照以上配置。

7. 测试验证

查看agent日志，出现sucess字样代表成功，如果发送的告警通知，则会同步发送微信、移动app、短信、邮件

tail -f /usr/lib/zabbix/alertscripts/alert-agent/log/agent.log

1.6   Zabbix API测试

1.6.1    基础环境

l   Python（2.6.6 laster）

1.6.2   制作脚本

1.  获取验证密钥

加粗地方需要求改

import urllib2

import json

zabbix_url="http://192.168.1.222/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

api_pass='zabbix'

auth_data={ 'jsonrpc':'2.0','method':'user.login','params':{'user':'Admin','password':api_pass},'id':1}

#auth function

def get_auth():

request=urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,json.dumps(auth_data))

request.add_header('Content-Type','application/json')

response=urllib2.urlopen(request)

var1=json.loads(response.read())

return var1

#get auth session

session=get_auth()

print(session)

2. 修改请求脚本

l   将密钥写到粗体位置

[root@G1-WEB-1 tmp]# cat zbx_get.py

import urllib2

import json

zabbix_url="http://192.168.1.222/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

api_pass='zabbix'

auth_data={

"jsonrpc": "2.0",

"method": "trigger.get",

"params": {

"output": [

"triggerid",

"description",

"priority"]

},

"id": 2,

"auth": "9ef715599db2c9f7600c2d2ab08eb122"

}

#auth function

def get_auth():

request=urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,json.dumps(auth_data))

request.add_header('Content-Type','application/json')

response=urllib2.urlopen(request)

var1=json.loads(response.read())

return var1

#get auth session

session=get_auth()

print(session)

1.6.3   脚本注释

[root@G1-WEB-1 tmp]# cat zbx_get.py

import urllib2

import json

zabbix_url="http://192.168.1.222/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"

api_pass='zabbix'

auth_data={

    "jsonrpc": "2.0",

    "method": "trigger.get",

    "params": {

        "output": [

            "triggerid",

            "description",

            "priority"

        ],

        "filter": {

            "value": 1

        },

        "sortfield": "priority",

        "sortorder": "DESC"

    },

    "id": 2,

    "auth": "9ef715599db2c9f7600c2d2ab08eb122"

}

#auth function

def get_auth():

request=urllib2.Request(zabbix_url,json.dumps(auth_data))

request.add_header('Content-Type','application/json')

response=urllib2.urlopen(request)

var1=json.loads(response.read())

return var1

#get auth session

session=get_auth()

print(session)

以上粗体部分需要根据Zabbix的API手册进行修改；

解释：使用“trigger.get”方法，调用 "triggerid", "description", "priority"对象，通过"filter"，"sortfield"，"sortorder"

进行过滤。

返回结果如下

{

'jsonrpc': '2.0',

'result': [

{

'priority': '3',

'triggerid': '13773',

'description': '{

HOST.NAME

} is not reachable'

},

{

'priority': '3',

'triggerid': '13775',

'description': '{

HOST.NAME

} is unavailable by ICMP'

},

{

'priority': '3',

'triggerid': '13779',

'description': 'Zabbix agent on {

HOST.NAME

} is unreachable for 5 minutes'

},

{

'priority': '2',

'triggerid': '13776',

'description': 'Ping loss is too high on {

HOST.NAME

}'

},

{

'priority': '1',

'triggerid': '13744',

'description': 'gzip compression is off for connector http-8080 on {

HOST.NAME

}'

}

],

'id': 2

}

注意：实际只看到4个触发器，是因为有一个触发器有依赖，也一起报警

1.6.4   根据API手册修改

1.  查看当前主机情况

{

"jsonrpc": "2.0",

"method": "host.get",

"params": {

"output": [

"hostid",

"host"

],

"selectInterfaces": [

"interfaceid",

"ip"

]

},

"id": 2,

"auth": "0424bd59b807674191e7d77572075f33"

}

2. 返回结果如下

{

'jsonrpc': '2.0',

'result': [

{

'interfaces': [

{

'interfaceid': '1',

'ip': '192.168.1.222'

}

],

'host': 'Zabbix server',

'hostid': '10084',

'name': 'Zabbix server'

},

{

'interfaces': [

{

'interfaceid': '6',

'ip': '192.168.1.200'

},

{

'interfaceid': '7',

'ip': '192.168.1.200'

}

],

'host': 'G1-WEB-1',

'hostid': '10120',

'name': 'apache-tomcat-mysql'

},

{

'interfaces': [

{

'interfaceid': '8',

'ip': '192.168.1.110'

}

],

'host': 'a-506ef4ce25484.',

'hostid': '10122',

'name': 'Windos测试'

}

],

'id': 2

}

1.7   Zabbix自定义监控项

1.7.1    步骤概述

l   开发自定义监控脚本（通过传参获取对应状态值）

l   增加Zabbix模板及触发器

l   测试&导出项目

1.7.2   实际案例（MySQL监控）

1.  开发自定义监控脚本

l   主文件

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

# Load system function library.

. /etc/init.d/functions

#Define the current position

Script_Base_Home=`pwd`

#Load getValue function

. ./Get_Function/MySQL/MySQL_Public_Fun.sh

if [ $# -ne 1];then

echo "Only allow you enter a parameter."

fi

#Receive Values

Input_Value=$1

Get_Value $Input_Value;

l   函数文件

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

#Public function

function Get_Value()

{

#Based on the input value ,get the value.

echo `grep "^$Input_Value\s" $Script_Base_Home/Tmp/MySQL_GetValue_Tmp | awk -F " " '{print $2}'`

}

l   定时获取参数脚本

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

#Load conf function

. ./Conf/MySQL_Get_Configure.sh

#Define the current position

Script_Base_Home=`pwd`

$MySQL_App_Base/bin/mysql -u$MySQL_User -p$MySQL_Password -P$MySQL_Port -h$MySQL_Host -e "SELECT * FROM information_schema.global_variables;">$Script_Base_Home/Tmp/MySQL_GetValue_Tmp

l   参数文件

#!/bin/sh

#Version:V1.0

#MySQL Base Home

MySQL_App_Base=/app/mysql56/

#Remote Connection MySQL User

MySQL_User=GetV

MySQL_Password=GetV

MySQL_Port=3306

MySQL_Host=10.1.1.3

#Other Configure

Log_File=$Script_Base_Home/Log/

2. Zabbix_Agent中增加自定义key（zabbix_agent.conf）

UserParameter=MySQL_PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA,sh/opt/Shell_Toos_BrandynX/MySQL_Status_Get.sh  PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA

UserParameter=MySQL_QUERY_CACHE_TYPE,sh  /opt/Shell_Toos_BrandynX/MySQL_Status_Get.sh QUERY_CACHE_TYPE

UserParameter=MySQL_AUTO_INCREMENT_OFFSET,sh  /opt/Shell_Toos_BrandynX/MySQL_Status_Get.sh AUTO_INCREMENT_OFFSET

UserParameter=MySQL_INNODB_IO_CAPACITY,sh  /opt/Shell_Toos_BrandynX/MySQL_Status_Get.sh INNODB_IO_CAPACITY

3. 新建Zabbix模板、Item、触发器等

来自为知笔记(Wiz)