1.部署新备份磁盘（源和目标）

[oracle@cmxdb /ora_bak]$ mkdir -p /oracle/rmanback

[oracle@cmxdb /ora_bak]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/rmanback

[oracle@cmxdb /ora_bak]$ ls -ld /oracle/rmanback/

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 1 15:37 /oracle/rmanback/

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/rmanback

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/rmanback

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ ls -ld /oracle/rmanback/

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 6 Dec 1 15:58 /oracle/rmanback/

2.源端备份

2.1备份数据文件

[oracle@cmxdb /ora_bak]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Dec 1 15:39:30 2024

connected to target database: CMXDB (DBID=3000047776)

RMAN> backup database format '/oracle/rmanback/data_%U.dbf';

Starting backup at 2024-12-01 15:39:51

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1714 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/oradata/cmxdb/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/oradata/cmxdb/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/oradata/cmxdb/example01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/oradata/cmxdb/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/oradata/cmxdb/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-12-01 15:39:51

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-12-01 15:40:26

piece handle=/oracle/rmanback/data_0l3bjou7_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20241201T153951 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

including current SPFILE in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-12-01 15:40:27

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-12-01 15:40:28

piece handle=/oracle/rmanback/data_0m3bjova_1_1.dbf tag=TAG20241201T153951 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 2024-12-01 15:40:28

RMAN>

[oracle@cmxdb /oracle/rmanback]$ ls -l

total 1210592

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1229717504 Dec 1 15:40 data_0l3bjou7_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9928704 Dec 1 15:40 data_0m3bjova_1_1.dbf

ps：当数据量较大时，使用如下方式

run {

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

backup database format '/oracle/rmanback/data_%U.dbf';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

2.2备份控制文件

RMAN> backup current controlfile format '/oracle/rmanback/control_01.dbf';

Starting backup at 2024-12-01 15:43:04

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

including current control file in backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2024-12-01 15:43:05

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2024-12-01 15:43:06

piece handle=/oracle/rmanback/control_01.dbf tag=TAG20241201T154304 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished backup at 2024-12-01 15:43:06

RMAN>

[oracle@cmxdb /oracle/rmanback]$ ls -l

total 2430848

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9895936 Dec 1 15:43 control_01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1229717504 Dec 1 15:40 data_0l3bjou7_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9928704 Dec 1 15:40 data_0m3bjova_1_1.dbf

主库

alter database backup controlfile to '/oracle/rmanback/control01.ctl';

主库生成文本文件的备份控制文件

alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/tmp/b.ctl';

当需要创建备库时，可以使用如下方式：

alter database create standby controlfile as '/oracle/rmanback/control01.ctl';

2.3备份参数文件

SQL> show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE VALUE

spfile string /oracle/dbsoft/product/ora11g/

dbs/spfilecmxdb.ora

SQL> create pfile='/oracle/rmanback/init31.ora' from spfile;

File created.

SQL> host ls -l /oracle/rmanback/

total 2430852

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9895936 Dec 1 15:43 control_01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1229717504 Dec 1 15:40 data_0l3bjou7_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9928704 Dec 1 15:40 data_0m3bjova_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1229717504 Dec 1 15:42 data_0n3bjp2q_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9928704 Dec 1 15:42 data_0o3bjp2t_1_1.dbf

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1183 Dec 1 15:46 init31.ora

3.传输备份

[oracle@cmxdb /oracle/rmanback]$ scp /oracle/rmanback/* 10.0.0.33:/oracle/rmanback/

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ ll /oracle/rmanback/

total 2430852

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9895936 Dec 1 15:59 control_01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1229717504 Dec 1 16:00 data_0l3bjou7_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9928704 Dec 1 16:00 data_0m3bjova_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1229717504 Dec 1 16:00 data_0n3bjp2q_1_1.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9928704 Dec 1 16:00 data_0o3bjp2t_1_1.dbf

-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 1183 Dec 1 16:00 init31.ora

4.传输归档日志

1.获取归档存放路径

[oracle@cmxdb /oracle/rmanback]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> select name from v$archived_log order by 1;

NAME

/archlog/1_10_1185485602.dbf

/archlog/1_11_1185485602.dbf

2.目标端配置相同路径

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ ll /archlog/

ps：若有旧数据的归档，直接删除

3.传输归档日志

[oracle@cmxdb /oracle/rmanback]$ scp /archlog/* 10.0.0.33:/archlog

oracle@10.0.0.33's password:

1_10_1185485602.dbf 100% 31MB 103.3MB/s 00:00

1_11_1185485602.dbf 100% 36MB 79.3MB/s 00:00

1_12_1185485602.dbf 100% 29MB 90.4MB/s 00:00

4.目标端查看

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ ll /archlog/

total 569756

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 32854528 Dec 1 16:10 1_10_1185485602.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 37998080 Dec 1 16:10 1_11_1185485602.dbf

5.目标端配置环境变量

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ cd

调整目标端的ORACLE_SID

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ cat .bash_profile

.bash_profile

Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

User specific environment and startup program

export TMP=/tmp

export TMPDIR=$TMP

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/dbsoft

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/dbsoft/product/ora11g

export ORACLE_SID=cmxdb

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

export BASE_PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$BASE_PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-dd HH24:MI:SS";

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ source .bash_profile

5.恢复

5.1 恢复到nomount状态

1.查看参数文件中的路径并进行创建

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ cat /oracle/rmanback/init31.ora

cmxdb.__db_cache_size=2516582400

cmxdb.__java_pool_size=16777216

cmxdb.__large_pool_size=33554432

cmxdb.__oracle_base='/oracle/dbsoft'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment

cmxdb.__pga_aggregate_target=1056964608

cmxdb.__sga_target=3154116608

cmxdb.__shared_io_pool_size=0

cmxdb.__shared_pool_size=553648128

cmxdb.__streams_pool_size=0

*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/dbsoft/admin/cmxdb/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'

*.control_files='/oradata/cmxdb/control01.ctl','/oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area/cmxdb/control02.ctl'

*.db_block_size=8192

*.db_domain=''

*.db_name='cmxdb'

*.db_recovery_file_dest='/oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area'

*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=1462763520

*.diagnostic_dest='/oracle/dbsoft'

*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=cmxdbXDB)'

*.fal_client='cmxdb'

*.fal_server='drcmxdb'

*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/archlog'

*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=drcmxdbdg LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILE,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=drcmxdb'

*.open_cursors=300

*.pga_aggregate_target=1049624576

*.processes=1500

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.sessions=1655

*.sga_target=3148873728

*.standby_file_management='AUTO'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/dbsoft

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/dbsoft/admin/cmxdb/adump

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ mkdir -p /oradata/cmxdb/

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ mkdir -p /oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area/cmxdb/

2.使用新参数文件启动到nomount状态

startup nomount pfile='/oracle/rmanback/init31.ora';

show parameter instance_name --复核实例名配置是否正常

create spfile from pfile='/oracle/rmanback/init31.ora';

shutdown immediate;

startup nomount;

show parameter ARCH

show parameter fal_server

show parameter fal_client

show parameter standby_file_management

show parameter name

3.检查启动的实例

[oracle@cmxbak ~]$ ps -ef |grep pmon

oracle 23399 1 0 16:16 ? 00:00:00 ora_pmon_cmxdb

oracle 23440 23065 0 16:17 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto pmon

5.2 恢复到mount状态

1.恢复控制文件

方式一：使用rman恢复指定控制文件

[oracle@cmxbak /oracle/rmanback]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Dec 1 16:19:54 2024

connected to target database: CMXDB (not mounted)

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/oracle/rmanback/control_01.dbf';

Starting restore at 2024-12-01 16:20:03

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=572 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

output file name=/oradata/cmxdb/control01.ctl

output file name=/oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area/cmxdb/control02.ctl

Finished restore at 2024-12-01 16:20:04

方式二：查看参数文件中控制文件的位置，将控制文件cp到指定的位置

此种方法需要手动生成的控制文件，并非备份的控制文件

[oracle@cmxbak /oracle/rmanback]$ cat init31.ora |grep control_files

*.control_files='/oradata/cmxdb/control01.ctl','/oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area/cmxdb/control02.ctl'

[oracle@cmxbak /oracle/rmanback]$ cp /oracle/rmanback/control01.ctl /oradata/cmxdb/control01.ctl

[oracle@cmxbak /oracle/rmanback]$ cp /oracle/rmanback/control01.ctl /oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area/cmxdb/control02.ctl

[oracle@cmxbak /oracle/rmanback]$ ll /oradata/cmxdb/control01.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9895936 Dec 5 17:00 /oradata/cmxdb/control01.ctl

[oracle@cmxbak /oracle/rmanback]$ ll /oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area/cmxdb/control02.ctl

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9895936 Dec 5 17:00 /oracle/dbsoft/fast_recovery_area/cmxdb/control02.ctl

2.启动到mount状态

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

3.数据库中查看数据库的状态

SQL> select OPEN_MODE,database_role from v$database;

OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE

MOUNTED PRIMARY

5.3 检查备份和备份片

RMAN> LIST BACKUP OF DATABASE;

List of Backup Sets