selenium webdriver(4)---模拟鼠标键盘操作

webdriver提供Actions来模拟鼠标悬浮、拖拽和键盘输入等操作，详细代码见org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions.本文通过几个实例来说明Actions的相关操作

输入数据

需求:登录安居客网站，在二手房板块输入"@@@",点击搜索，正确跳转成功反之失败，大部分情况下我们这样写

 //搜索二手房

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 public class NewTest{
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" ,
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://shanghai.anjuke.com");
        try{

           WebElement input=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='glb_search0']"));
           WebElement search=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='btnSubmit']"));
           input.sendKeys("@@@");
           search.click();
           if(driver.getTitle().contains("@"))
               System.out.println("搜索成功,跳转到"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");
           else
               System.out.println("搜索失败,跳转到了"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            driver.quit();
        }
 }

使用Actions类还可以这样写

 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 public class NewTest{
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" ,
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://shanghai.anjuke.com");
        try{

           WebElement input=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='glb_search0']"));
           WebElement search=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='btnSubmit']"));

           //生成Actions实例对象
           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);
           //输入@@@点击搜索
           actions.keyDown(input, Keys.SHIFT).sendKeys("222")
           .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).click(search).perform();

           if(driver.getTitle().contains("@"))
               System.out.println("搜索成功,跳转到"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");
           else
               System.out.println("搜索失败,跳转到了"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            driver.quit();
        }
 }

keyDown表示按下键盘，keyUp表示松开键盘。上述代码中先是执行keyDown，这时shift键按下后面的sendKeys内容也是在shift键按下的情况输入的，所以实际输入的是@@@.

鼠标悬浮

需求:登录安居客首页，切换城市到杭州

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 public class NewTest{
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" ,
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://shanghai.anjuke.com");
        try{

           WebElement city=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='switch_apf_id_8']"));
           WebElement citys=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='city-panel']"));
           WebElement cityOption=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@title='杭州房产网']"));
           //生成Actions实例对象
           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);

           //鼠标悬浮到城市标签
           actions.moveToElement(city).perform();

           if(citys.isDisplayed())
               System.out.println("鼠标悬浮成功，城市模块的display:"+
                       citys.getCssValue("display"));
           else
               System.out.println("鼠标悬浮失败，城市模块的display:"+
                       citys.getCssValue("display"));
           //点击杭州
           actions.click(cityOption).perform();

           if(driver.getTitle().contains("杭州"))
               System.out.println("切换成功,跳转到"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");
           else
               System.out.println("切换失败,跳转到了"+driver.getTitle()+"页面");

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            driver.quit();
        }
 }

多选框

由于安居客网站没有这方面的例子，下面就采用YUI类库的DEMO界面来演示

 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 public class NewTest{
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" ,
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/selectable/");
        try{
           WebElement frame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='demo-frame']"));
           driver.switchTo().frame(frame);
           List<WebElement> selects=driver
                   .findElements(By.xpath("//li[@class='ui-widget-content ui-selectee']"));
           //生成Actions实例对象
           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);
           actions.clickAndHold(selects.get(0)).clickAndHold(selects.get(1)).click().perform();

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            driver.quit();
        }
 }

clickAndHold是点击并维持着点击的状态，上面代码效果如下图

拖拽框体

响应式网站和OA系统这方面的需求较多，下面演示如何将拖拽对象拖拽到右下角

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 import org.openqa.selenium.Keys;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;

 public class NewTest{
     public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        System.setProperty ( "webdriver.chrome.driver" ,
        "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chromedriver.exe" );
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        driver.get("http://jqueryui.com/draggable/");
        try{
           WebElement frame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//iframe[@class='demo-frame']"));
           driver.switchTo().frame(frame);
           WebElement dragTable=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//div[@id='draggable']"));
           //生成Actions实例对象
           Actions actions=new Actions(driver);
           //拖拽对象
           actions.dragAndDropBy(dragTable, 270, 170).perform();

        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            driver.quit();
        }
 }

其实dragAndDropBy方法就是clickAndHold和moveByOffset方法的组合而已

　　actions.dragAndDropBy(dragTable, 270, 170).perform();
　　actions.clickAndHold(dragTable).moveByOffset(270, 170).click().perform();

这两行代码功能是一样的,正所谓条条大路通罗马，我们只需选择最近、最安全的一条就好了。