01_ubantu国内软件源配置

查找自己版本对应的软件源

https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/

以下为19.10版本清华大学的，个人100M的带宽，平均安装速度在600K/S左右

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ eoan-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

以下以阿里的。个人总结一些区别，速度上阿里的快，但问题是清华的源是可以让你选对应的ubantu版本的，因此apt安装软件时软件包的依赖问题比阿里的少，而阿里没找到在哪个地方为不同的ubantu版本配置不同的源，个人尝试在ubantu19.10使用以下源时有些软件无法安装，回退到上面清华的源版本后，可以正常安装

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

修改/etc/apt/source.list文件为以上软件源，然后进行更新

sudo apt-get update

20.04

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

其他常用命令

sudo apt-get update  更新源
sudo apt-get install package 安装包
sudo apt-get remove package 删除包
sudo apt-cache search package 搜索软件包
sudo apt-cache show package  获取包的相关信息，如说明、大小、版本等
sudo apt-get install package --reinstall  重新安装包
sudo apt-get -f install  修复安装
sudo apt-get remove package --purge 删除包，包括配置文件等
sudo apt-get build-dep package 安装相关的编译环境
sudo apt-get upgrade 更新已安装的包
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade 升级系统
sudo apt-cache depends package 了解使用该包依赖那些包
sudo apt-cache rdepends package 查看该包被哪些包依赖
sudo apt-get source package  下载该包的源代码
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get autoclean 清理无用的包
sudo apt-get check 检查是否有损坏的依赖