ansible的模块使用说明

参考官方链接：

https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/intro_adhoc.html#parallelism-and-shell-commands

• shell模块使用
  
  提权操作：

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible test1 -m shell -a "ls /root" -u zhouyuqiang -k --become -K

SSH password:

SUDO password[defaults to SSH password]:

test1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

anaconda-ks.cfg

GateOne-master

master.zip

• copy操作：
  
  官方：
  
  $ ansible atlanta -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"

实际：

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m copy -a "src=/root/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src"

查询：

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m shell -a "ls /usr/local/src"

172.16.188.191 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

redis-5.0.3.tar.gz

---

• file模块：

创建文件夹：

state 一定需要指定：

状态：

创建文件夹：directory

(递归)删除文件：absent

创建一个文件：touch

[root@ansible-test ansible-yaml]# ansible web -m file -a "dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo state=absent"

test2 | CHANGED => {

"changed": true,

"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",

"state": "absent"

}

test1 | CHANGED => {

"changed": true,

"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",

"state": "absent"

}

test3 | CHANGED => {

"changed": true,

"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",

"state": "absent"

}

---

• yum模块

state 一定需要

状态：

具体版本：present

最新版本：latest

name 是指定需要安装的包名

[root@ansible-test opt]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=memcached state=present"

卸载一个版本：

指定状态就可以：absent

[root@ansible-test opt]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=memcached state=absent"

---

• user模块
  
  创建一个用户并设置密码：
  
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=1"

查询：

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=1"

删除用户：

指定状态即可：absent

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 state=absent"

指定创建用户不能登录，一般是服务用户：

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=123 shell=/sbin/nologin "

如下：

user1❌1002:1003::/home/user1:/sbin/nologin

---

• git 模块
  
  需要指定用户：-uroot
  
  repo指定git仓库地址
  
  目标主机需要有git命令，没有进行安装
  
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=git state=latest"

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -vvvv -m git -a "repo=https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git dest=/opt/ansibleå-source" -uroot

---

• Managing Services启动服务模块
  
  启动服务：
  
  state=started
  
  state=started
  
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=started" -uroot

关闭服务：

state=stopped

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=stopped" -uroot

重新启动：

state=restarted

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=restarted" -uroot

加入开机启动：

enabled=true

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached enabled=true" -uroot

---

• setup模块
  
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup

如：

"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True",

"ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.",

"ansible_uptime_seconds": 82564,

"ansible_user_dir": "/root",

"ansible_user_gecos": "root",

"ansible_user_gid": 0,

"ansible_user_id": "root",

"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",

"ansible_user_uid": 0,

"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",

"ansible_userspace_bits": "64",

"ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",

  进行过滤操作：

  "filter=ansible_user_shell"

  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup  -a "filter=ansible_user_shell"

test2 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash"

    [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup  -a "filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses"

test2 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [

"172.16.188.191"

]

},

"changed": false

}

可以通过统配符进行匹配：

如：filter=ipv4

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup -a "filter=ipv4"

test2 | SUCCESS => {

"ansible_facts": {

"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [

"172.16.188.191"

],

"ansible_default_ipv4": {

"address": "172.16.188.191",

"alias": "eth0",

"broadcast": "172.16.188.255",

"gateway": "172.16.188.1",

---

• playbook的模块

yaml的语法,采用yaml语法，具体语法其实很简单，主要是空格区分目录。每个目录层级是2个空格，每个：后面一定要需要空格，否则语法报错