Codeforces828 D. High Load

D. High Load

time limit per test

2 seconds

memory limit per test

512 megabytes

input

standard input

output

standard output

Arkady needs your help again! This time he decided to build his own high-speed Internet exchange point. It should consist of n nodes connected with minimum possible number of wires into one network (a wire directly connects two nodes). Exactly k of the nodes should be exit-nodes, that means that each of them should be connected to exactly one other node of the network, while all other nodes should be connected to at least two nodes in order to increase the system stability.

Arkady wants to make the system as fast as possible, so he wants to minimize the maximum distance between two exit-nodes. The distance between two nodes is the number of wires a package needs to go through between those two nodes.

Help Arkady to find such a way to build the network that the distance between the two most distant exit-nodes is as small as possible.

Input

The first line contains two integers n and k (3 ≤ n ≤ 2·105, 2 ≤ k ≤ n - 1) — the total number of nodes and the number of exit-nodes.

Note that it is always possible to build at least one network with n nodes and k exit-nodes within the given constraints.

Output

In the first line print the minimum possible distance between the two most distant exit-nodes. In each of the next n - 1 lines print two integers: the ids of the nodes connected by a wire. The description of each wire should be printed exactly once. You can print wires and wires' ends in arbitrary order. The nodes should be numbered from 1 to n. Exit-nodes can have any ids.

If there are multiple answers, print any of them.

Examples

input

3 2

output

2
1 2
2 3

input

5 3

output

3
1 2
2 3
3 4
3 5

Note

In the first example the only network is shown on the left picture.

In the second example one of optimal networks is shown on the right picture.

Exit-nodes are highlighted.

——————————————————————————————题目的意思是给出n个点，其中k个点只能有一条边相连，剩下的边至少有2条边相连，问构造出的树最远的两个点最近是多少思路：不难想到只要把一个点放中间，他和m个点相连，然后这m个点一层一层扩展出去最小

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cmath>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <stack>
#include <queue>
#include <vector>
#include <bitset>

using namespace std;

#define LL long long
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
#define MAXN 500

int main()
{
    int m,n;
    scanf("%d%d",&n,&m);
    int ans;
    if((n-1)%m==0)
        ans=(n-1)/m*2;
    else if((n-1)%m==1)
        ans=(n-1)/m*2+1;
    else
        ans=(n-1)/m*2+2;
    printf("%d\n",ans);
    for(int i=2; i<=m; i++)
        printf("%d %d\n",1,i);
    for(int i=m+1;i<=n;i++)
    {
        printf("%d %d\n",i,i-m);
    }
    return 0;
}