Web开发的编码解决中文乱码

中文乱码有两个环节会出现

第一，从请求体中获得的数据

　　从请求体中获得的数据要为其进行编码，默认为ISO-8859-1，所以在使用getParameter()时先调用setCharacterEncoding("utf-8")方法对数据进行编码。。

　　这仅仅对post有效，对get时，因为在生成URL的时候已经对其编码，所以要使用String的构造方法对其重新编码，new String(str.getBytes("iso-8859-1"),"utf-8");

第二，响应给浏览器的数据

　　响应时，首先要设置给浏览器的文件MIME类型 setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8")

　　　　　　其次需要设置响应的字符编码，setCharacterType("utf-8")

　　　　　　这样可以解决乱码问题

常见MIME类型

按照功能排列的MIME_type类型

类型/子类型	扩展名
application/envoy	evy
application/fractals	fif
application/futuresplash	spl
application/hta	hta
application/internet-property-stream	acx
application/mac-binhex40	hqx
application/msword	doc
application/msword	dot
application/octet-stream	*
application/octet-stream	bin
application/octet-stream	class
application/octet-stream	dms
application/octet-stream	exe
application/octet-stream	lha
application/octet-stream	lzh
application/oda	oda
application/olescript	axs
application/pdf	pdf
application/pics-rules	prf
application/pkcs10	p10
application/pkix-crl	crl
application/postscript	ai
application/postscript	eps
application/postscript	ps
application/rtf	rtf
application/set-payment-initiation	setpay
application/set-registration-initiation	setreg
application/vnd.ms-excel	xla
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlc
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlm
application/vnd.ms-excel	xls
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlt
application/vnd.ms-excel	xlw
application/vnd.ms-outlook	msg
application/vnd.ms-pkicertstore	sst
application/vnd.ms-pkiseccat	cat
application/vnd.ms-pkistl	stl
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pot
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	pps
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint	ppt
application/vnd.ms-project	mpp
application/vnd.ms-works	wcm
application/vnd.ms-works	wdb
application/vnd.ms-works	wks
application/vnd.ms-works	wps
application/winhlp	hlp
application/x-bcpio	bcpio
application/x-cdf	cdf
application/x-compress	z
application/x-compressed	tgz
application/x-cpio	cpio
application/x-csh	csh
application/x-director	dcr
application/x-director	dir
application/x-director	dxr
application/x-dvi	dvi
application/x-gtar	gtar
application/x-gzip	gz
application/x-hdf	hdf
application/x-internet-signup	ins
application/x-internet-signup	isp
application/x-iphone	iii
application/x-javascript	js
application/x-latex	latex
application/x-msaccess	mdb
application/x-mscardfile	crd
application/x-msclip	clp
application/x-msdownload	dll
application/x-msmediaview	m13
application/x-msmediaview	m14
application/x-msmediaview	mvb
application/x-msmetafile	wmf
application/x-msmoney	mny
application/x-mspublisher	pub
application/x-msschedule	scd
application/x-msterminal	trm
application/x-mswrite	wri
application/x-netcdf	cdf
application/x-netcdf	nc
application/x-perfmon	pma
application/x-perfmon	pmc
application/x-perfmon	pml
application/x-perfmon	pmr
application/x-perfmon	pmw
application/x-pkcs12	p12
application/x-pkcs12	pfx
application/x-pkcs7-certificates	p7b
application/x-pkcs7-certificates	spc
application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp	p7r
application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7c
application/x-pkcs7-mime	p7m
application/x-pkcs7-signature	p7s
application/x-sh	sh
application/x-shar	shar
application/x-shockwave-flash	swf
application/x-stuffit	sit
application/x-sv4cpio	sv4cpio
application/x-sv4crc	sv4crc
application/x-tar	tar
application/x-tcl	tcl
application/x-tex	tex
application/x-texinfo	texi
application/x-texinfo	texinfo
application/x-troff	roff
application/x-troff	t
application/x-troff	tr
application/x-troff-man	man
application/x-troff-me	me
application/x-troff-ms	ms
application/x-ustar	ustar
application/x-wais-source	src
application/x-x509-ca-cert	cer
application/x-x509-ca-cert	crt
application/x-x509-ca-cert	der
application/ynd.ms-pkipko	pko
application/zip	zip
audio/basic	au
audio/basic	snd
audio/mid	mid
audio/mid	rmi
audio/mpeg	mp3
audio/x-aiff	aif
audio/x-aiff	aifc
audio/x-aiff	aiff
audio/x-mpegurl	m3u
audio/x-pn-realaudio	ra
audio/x-pn-realaudio	ram
audio/x-wav	wav
image/bmp	bmp
image/cis-cod	cod
image/gif	gif
image/ief	ief
image/jpeg	jpe
image/jpeg	jpeg
image/jpeg	jpg
image/pipeg	jfif
image/svg+xml	svg
image/tiff	tif
image/tiff	tiff
image/x-cmu-raster	ras
image/x-cmx	cmx
image/x-icon	ico
image/x-portable-anymap	pnm
image/x-portable-bitmap	pbm
image/x-portable-graymap	pgm
image/x-portable-pixmap	ppm
image/x-rgb	rgb
image/x-xbitmap	xbm
image/x-xpixmap	xpm
image/x-xwindowdump	xwd
message/rfc822	mht
message/rfc822	mhtml
message/rfc822	nws
text/css http://www.dreamdu.com	css
text/h323	323
text/html	htm
text/html	html
text/html	stm
text/iuls	uls
text/plain	bas
text/plain	c
text/plain	h
text/plain	txt
text/richtext	rtx
text/scriptlet	sct
text/tab-separated-values	tsv
text/webviewhtml	htt
text/x-component	htc
text/x-setext	etx
text/x-vcard	vcf
video/mpeg	mp2
video/mpeg	mpa
video/mpeg	mpe
video/mpeg	mpeg
video/mpeg	mpg
video/mpeg	mpv2
video/quicktime	mov
video/quicktime	qt
video/x-la-asf	lsf
video/x-la-asf	lsx
video/x-ms-asf	asf
video/x-ms-asf	asr
video/x-ms-asf	asx
video/x-msvideo	avi
video/x-sgi-movie	movie
x-world/x-vrml	flr
x-world/x-vrml	vrml
x-world/x-vrml	wrl
x-world/x-vrml	wrz
x-world/x-vrml	xaf
x-world/x-vrml	xof