Oracle 12C R2 on Linux 7.X Data Guard 搭建文档

1.查看主机和数据库信息

 

[oracle@oracle1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

 

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue May 29 01:19:35 2018

 

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

 

 

Connected to:

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

 

SQL> set linesize 300

set pagesize 999 

select * from v$version; 

 

BANNER CON_ID

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------

Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0

PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0

CORE 12.2.0.1.0 Production 0

TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0

NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0

 

 

SQL> set linesize 140

set pagesize 999

col name for a25

col value for a60

select name,value from v$parameter where name like '%dump%';SQL> SQL> SQL> SQL> 

 

NAME VALUE

------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------

shadow_core_dump partial

background_core_dump partial

background_dump_dest /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/rdbms/log

user_dump_dest /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/rdbms/log

core_dump_dest /data/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/cdump

max_dump_file_size unlimited

 

6 rows selected.

 

SQL> col value for a60

select name,value from v$parameter where name like '%pfile%';

 

NAME VALUE

------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------

spfile /data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1/dbs/spfileorcl.ora

 

SQL> col name for a50

select name from v$controlfile;

 

NAME

--------------------------------------------------

/data/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl

/data/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl

 

SQL> col member for a50

select member from v$logfile;

 

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------

/data/oradata/orcl/redo03.log

/data/oradata/orcl/redo02.log

/data/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

 

 

SQL> select name from v$datafile;    

 

NAME

--------------------------------------------------

/data/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

/data/oradata/orcl/slucex_01.dbf

/data/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

/data/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

/data/oradata/orcl/qa_01.dbf

/data/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

/data/oradata/orcl/ucex_service_01.dbf

/data/oradata/orcl/activity_01.dbf

 

8 rows selected.

 

 

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

 

NAME

--------------------------------------------------

/data/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf

 

SQL> col PARAMETER for a30

col VALUE FOR A30

select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

 

PARAMETER VALUE

------------------------------ ------------------------------

NLS_CHARACTERSET AL32UTF8

 

$ echo $ORACLE_BASE

/data/app/oracle

 

 

$ echo $ORACLE_HOME

/data/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1

 

2.准备工作

实施前需要准备事情：灾备端安装好数据库软件，为避免不必要的麻烦，软件目录和数据文件目录结构与主库的一致。如果两端的数据文件结构不一致，则需要重启数据库。

修改主备库/etc/hosts文件。

 

 

3.确定主库处于归档模式

 

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination +DATA

Oldest online log sequence 2314

Next log sequence to archive 2315

Current log sequence 2315

如果处于非归档模式需要修改为归档模式。

 

 

4.修改主库为强日志模式

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

 

FOR

---

NO

 

经检查不是强日志模式，先修改为强日志模式，命令如下：

SQL> alter database force logging;

 

 

5.备库创建相同的目录结构

步骤省略，参考前面输出内容创建

 

 

6.主库修改参数

SQL>

alter system set standby_file_management=auto scope=both sid='*';

alter system set fal_server=orcl scope=both sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,standby)' scope=both sid='*';

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl' sid='*';

 

 

 

 

7.配置tnsnames.ora

orcl =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.190.60)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

 

 

STANDBY =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.190.61)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = standby)

    )

  )

 

 

 

8.传送参数文件和密码文件至备库

 

 

9.主库使用RMAN备份

RMAN> run{

allocate channel ch1 type disk;

allocate channel ch2 type disk;

backup database format '/data/backup/dbf_%d_%T_%s_%p';

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup archivelog all format '/data/backup/arc_%d_%T_%s_%p' delete input;

backup current controlfile for standby format '/data/backup/control01.ctl';

}

 

传送备份文件至备库。

 

 

10.启动备库至nomount状态

SQL> startup nomount;

修改DB_UNIQUE_NAME

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET DB_UNIQUE_NAME=standby scope=spfile;

注意：主备库两边的db_name必须一致，db_unique_name必须不一致。

 

备库修改参数

alter system set db_file_name_convert='/data/oradata/orcl','/data/oradata/orcl' scope=spfile ;

alter system set log_file_name_convert='/data/oradata/orcl','/data/oradata/orcl' scope=spfile ;

 

重新启动，使参数生效：

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup nomount;

 

 

11.恢复控制文件

RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/data/backup/control01.ctl';

 

 

12.启动备库至mount状态

RMAN> alter database mount;

 

 

13.恢复备库

RMAN> restore database;

RMAN> recover database;

 

 

14.添加standby logfiles（在主库和备库都执行）

检查当前环境logfile

SQL> set lines 200 pages 300

col member for a60

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#

union all

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;

 

   THREAD# GROUP# MEMBER TYPE MB

---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ------- ----------

  1 1 /data/oradata/orcl/redo01.log ONLINE 200

  1 3 /data/oradata/orcl/redo03.log ONLINE 200

  1 2 /data/oradata/orcl/redo02.log ONLINE 200

 

 

SQL> alter database add standby logfile

     group 14 '/data/oradata/orcl/redo14.log' size 200M,

     group 15 '/data/oradata/orcl/redo15.log' size 200M,

     group 16 '/data/oradata/orcl/redo16.log' size 200M,

     group 17 '/data/oradata/orcl/redo17.log' size 200M;

 

 

15.在主库恢复打开 

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=standby lgwr async COMPRESSION=ENABLE valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby' scope=both;

注意:检查 log_archive_dest_state_1 和 log_archive_dest_state_2 参数是否设置为enable ,如果没有设置为enable ,切换的时候可能会出问题.

 

 

16.在备库打开

备库修改参数

local_listener 参数修改为备库的host

 

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/data/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby' scope=both; 

alter system set local_listener='(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.190.61)(PORT=1521))' scope=both;

 

SQL> alter database open read only;

SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

 

17.检查是否搭建成功

在主库上切归档

SQL> alter system archive log current;

SQL> alter system archive log current;

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /data/arch

Oldest online log sequence 142

Next log sequence to archive 143

Current log sequence 144

 

 

备库查询能应用 

$ orac -dgarc

 

Session altered.

 

SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME APPLIED ARCHIVED

--------- -------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------

      135 2018-07-18 00:00:09 2018-07-18 03:40:02 YES YES

      136 2018-07-18 03:40:02 2018-07-18 03:40:03 YES YES

      137 2018-07-18 03:40:03 2018-07-18 10:12:50 YES YES

      138 2018-07-18 10:12:50 2018-07-18 14:31:00 YES YES

      139 2018-07-18 14:31:00 2018-07-18 16:00:59 YES YES

      140 2018-07-18 16:00:59 2018-07-18 16:02:42 YES YES

      141 2018-07-18 16:02:42 2018-07-18 16:03:27 YES YES

      142 2018-07-18 16:03:27 2018-07-18 16:03:31 YES YES

      143 2018-07-18 16:03:31 2018-07-18 16:08:01 YES YES

      144 2018-07-18 16:08:01 2018-07-18 16:10:03 IN-MEMORY YES  

   

   

   

   

检查备库alert日志，没有报错，说明就搭建成功了

 

$ orac -log db 20

2018-07-18T16:03:31.294903+08:00

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 15 Seq 143 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /data/oradata/orcl/redo15.log

2018-07-18T16:08:01.891964+08:00

RFS[1]: Selected log 14 for T-1.S-144 dbid 1507958524 branch 980177790

2018-07-18T16:08:01.892027+08:00

Archived Log entry 49 added for T-1.S-143 ID 0x59e1d0fc LAD:1

2018-07-18T16:08:01.974669+08:00

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 144 (in transit)

2018-07-18T16:08:01.974916+08:00

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 14 Seq 144 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /data/oradata/orcl/redo14.log

2018-07-18T16:10:04.097893+08:00

RFS[1]: Selected log 15 for T-1.S-145 dbid 1507958524 branch 980177790

2018-07-18T16:10:04.097907+08:00

Archived Log entry 50 added for T-1.S-144 ID 0x59e1d0fc LAD:1

2018-07-18T16:10:04.180686+08:00

Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 145 (in transit)

2018-07-18T16:10:04.180958+08:00

Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 15 Seq 145 Reading mem 0

  Mem# 0: /data/oradata/orcl/redo15.log