Linux软raid创建

RAID:

HBA：基于主机的适配器

RAID：Redundent Array of Inexpensive Disks 廉价磁盘阵列

Independent 独立磁盘阵列

Level：仅用于标识磁盘组合方式的不同，不能取代数据备份

raid0，raid1，raid5，raid10，raid50，jbod

raid0：提高读写性能，没有容错能力。至少需要两块磁盘 100%

raid1：至少需要两块硬盘，镜像，硬件容错能力，读性能提升，写性能下降 50%

raid4：至少需要三块硬盘，允许一块盘出错，读写性能提升，（n-1）/n

raid5: 至少需要三块硬盘，允许一块盘出错，读写性能提升，（n-1）/n

raid6: 至少需要四块磁盘，允许两块盘出错。读写性能提升，（n-2）/n

raid10：至少需要四块磁盘。允许不同组内个各坏一块盘，读写性能提升，50%

raid01：

jbod：

md，可以组合任何块设备

mdadm，/etc/mdadm.conf

mdadm:模式化的工具

-A Assemble 装配模式

-C Create 创建模式

-n #：用于创建RAID设备的个数

-x #: 热备磁盘的个数

-l ：指定RAID级别

-a ：=yes（自动为创建的RAID设备创建设备文件） md mdp part p 如何创建设备文件

-c：指定块的大小，默认为512KB

-F FOLLOW 监控

-S 停止RAID

-D --detail: 显示阵列详细信息

Manage 管理模式专用项

-f：模拟损害

-r：模拟移除设备

-a：模拟添加新设备

watch

-n #:每个#执行一次指定的命令，单位为s

[root@mail ~]# watch -n1 'cat /proc/mdstat'

使用raid0创建一个6G大小的磁盘。

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[root@mail ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel

Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xba68f31c.

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.

After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 1

First cylinder (1-2610, default 1):

Using default value 1

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-2610, default 2610): +6G

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

p

Partition number (1-4): 2

First cylinder (785-2610, default 785):

Using default value 785

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (785-2610, default 2610): +6G

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 1

Hex code (type L to list codes): fd

Changed system type of partition 1 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-4): 2

Hex code (type L to list codes): fd

Changed system type of partition 2 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

Syncing disks.

[root@mail ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md0 -a yes -l 0 -n 2 /dev/sdc{1,2}

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.

[root@mail ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0]

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]

12585984 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>

[root@mail ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0

/dev/md0:

Version : 1.2

Creation Time : Tue May 10 20:19:43 2016

Raid Level : raid0

Array Size : 12585984 (12.00 GiB 12.89 GB)

Raid Devices : 2

Total Devices : 2

Persistence : Superblock is persistent

Update Time : Tue May 10 20:19:43 2016

State : clean

Active Devices : 2

Working Devices : 2

Failed Devices : 0

Spare Devices : 0

Chunk Size : 512K

Name : mail.saviorsyang.com:0 (local to host mail.saviorsyang.com)

UUID : b5ec8803:366d2e9d:a1ddd0f2:58101d5c

Events : 0

Number Major Minor RaidDevice State

0 8 33 0 active sync /dev/sdc1

1 8 34 1 active sync /dev/sdc2

[root@mail ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md0

mke2fs 1.43-WIP (20-Jun-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks

786864 inodes, 3146496 blocks

157324 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=3225419776

97 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

8112 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (32768 blocks):

done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@mail ~]# mkdir /test/md0

[root@mail ~]# mount /dev/md0 /test/md0

[root@mail ~]# mount

/dev/mapper/vg_demo-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)

/dev/sdb1 on /student type ext4 (rw)

/dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

/dev/md0 on /test/md0 type ext4 (rw)

使用raid1创建一个2G大小的磁盘。

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[root@mail ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n

Command action

e extended

p primary partition (1-4)

e

Partition number (1-4):

Value out of range.

Partition number (1-4): 3

First cylinder (1569-2610, default 1569):

Using default value 1569

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1569-2610, default 2610):

Using default value 2610

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (1569-2610, default 1569):

Using default value 1569

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1569-2610, default 2610): +2G

Command (m for help): n

Command action

l logical (5 or over)

p primary partition (1-4)

l

First cylinder (1831-2610, default 1831):

Using default value 1831

Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1831-2610, default 2610): +2G

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

[root@mail ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to

switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to

sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-6): 5

Hex code (type L to list codes): fd

Changed system type of partition 5 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): t

Partition number (1-6): 6

Hex code (type L to list codes): fd

Changed system type of partition 6 to fd (Linux raid autodetect)

Command (m for help): w

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.

The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at

the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)

Syncing disks.

[root@mail ~]# partx /dev/sdc

# 1: 63- 12594959 ( 12594897 sectors, 6448 MB)

# 2: 12594960- 25189919 ( 12594960 sectors, 6448 MB)

# 3: 25189920- 41929649 ( 16739730 sectors, 8570 MB)

# 4: 0- -1 ( 0 sectors, 0 MB)

# 5: 25189983- 29398949 ( 4208967 sectors, 2154 MB)

# 6: 29399013- 33607979 ( 4208967 sectors, 2154 MB)

[root@mail ~]# cat /proc/partitions

major minor #blocks name

8 32 20971520 sdc

8 33 6297448 sdc1

8 34 6297480 sdc2

8 35 31 sdc3

8 37 2104483 sdc5

8 38 2104483 sdc6

8 0 52428800 sda

8 1 512000 sda1

8 2 51915776 sda2

8 16 524288000 sdb

8 17 524281243 sdb1

8 48 20971520 sdd

11 0 3763200 sr0

252 0 47816704 dm-0

252 1 4096000 dm-1

9 0 12585984 md0

[root@mail ~]# mdadm -C /dev/md1 -a yes -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sdc{5,6}

mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and

may not be suitable as a boot device. If you plan to

store '/boot' on this device please ensure that

your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use

--metadata=0.90

Continue creating array? yes

mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata

mdadm: array /dev/md1 started.

[root@mail ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]

md1 : active raid1 sdc6[1] sdc5[0]

2102400 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

[=================>...] resync = 85.5% (1800064/2102400) finish=0.0min speed=200007K/sec

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]

12585984 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>

[root@mail ~]# cat /proc/mdstat

Personalities : [raid0] [raid1]

md1 : active raid1 sdc6[1] sdc5[0]

2102400 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

md0 : active raid0 sdc2[1] sdc1[0]

12585984 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks

unused devices: <none>

[root@mail ~]#

[root@mail ~]# mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/md1

mke2fs 1.43-WIP (20-Jun-2013)

Filesystem label=

OS type: Linux

Block size=4096 (log=2)

Fragment size=4096 (log=2)

Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks

131648 inodes, 525600 blocks

26280 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user

First data block=0

Maximum filesystem blocks=541065216

17 block groups

32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group

7744 inodes per group

Superblock backups stored on blocks:

32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912

Allocating group tables: done

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (16384 blocks): done

Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

[root@mail ~]# mkdir -pv /test/md1

[root@mail ~]# mount /dev/md1 /test/md1

[root@mail ~]# mount

/dev/mapper/vg_demo-lv_root on / type ext4 (rw)

proc on /proc type proc (rw)

sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)

devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)

tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)

/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)

/dev/sdb1 on /student type ext4 (rw)

/dev/sr0 on /mnt type iso9660 (ro)

none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)

/dev/md1 on /test/md1 type ext4 (rw)

来自为知笔记(Wiz)

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