[Python3] 039 语法调试

目录

• 语法调试
  • 1. 调试技术
  • 2. pdb 调试
    • 插一个 gdb
  • 3.Pycharm 调试
  • 4. 单元测试

语法调试

1. 调试技术

• 调试流程
  • 单元测试 → 集成测试 → 交测试部
• 分类：
  • 静态调试
  • 动态调试

2. pdb 调试

• 官方文档，可选版本
• pdb: Python 调试库
• 常用命令

命令	解释
break 或 b	设置断点
continue 或 c	继续执行程序
list 或 l	查看当前行的代码段
step 或 s	进入函数
return 或 r	执行代码直到从当前函数返回
exit 或 q	中止并退出
next 或 n	执行下一行
pp	打印变量的值
help	帮助

• 简单举一例

import pdb

str1 = "aaa"
pdb.set_trace()

str2 = "bbb"
str3 = "ccc"
final = str1 + str2 + str3
print(final)

• 执行过程

> d:\pdb_test.py(6)<module>()
-> str2 = "bbb"
(Pdb) n
> d:\pdb_test.py(7)<module>()
-> str3 = "ccc"
(Pdb) n
> d:\pdb_test.py(8)<module>()
-> final = str1 + str2 + str3
(Pdb) n
> d:\pdb_test.py(8)<module>()
-> print(final)
(Pdb) n
aaabbbccc
--Return--
> d:\pdb_test.py(9)<module>()->None
-> print(final)
(Pdb)

插一个 gdb

• 将 C 反汇编

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 1, b = 2;
    printf("a + b = %d\n");

    return 0;
}

• 将 test.c 编译为 test.exe 执行下方操作

PS D:\code> gdb test
GNU gdb (GDB) 8.1
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "x86_64-w64-mingw32".
Type "show configuration" for configuration details.
For bug reporting instructions, please see:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.
Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.
For help, type "help".
Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
Reading symbols from test...done.
(gdb) disas main
Dump of assembler code for function main:
   0x0000000000401550 <+0>:     push   %rbp
   0x0000000000401551 <+1>:     mov    %rsp,%rbp
   0x0000000000401554 <+4>:     sub    $0x30,%rsp
   0x0000000000401558 <+8>:     callq  0x401640 <__main>
   0x000000000040155d <+13>:    movl   $0x1,-0x4(%rbp)
   0x0000000000401564 <+20>:    movl   $0x2,-0x8(%rbp)
   0x000000000040156b <+27>:    lea    0x2a8e(%rip),%rcx        # 0x404000
   0x0000000000401572 <+34>:    callq  0x402a70 <printf>
   0x0000000000401577 <+39>:    mov    $0x0,%eax
   0x000000000040157c <+44>:    add    $0x30,%rsp
   0x0000000000401580 <+48>:    pop    %rbp
   0x0000000000401581 <+49>:    retq
   0x0000000000401582 <+50>:    nop
   0x0000000000401583 <+51>:    nop
   0x0000000000401584 <+52>:    nop
   0x0000000000401585 <+53>:    nop
   0x0000000000401586 <+54>:    nop
   0x0000000000401587 <+55>:    nop
   0x0000000000401588 <+56>:    nop
   0x0000000000401589 <+57>:    nop
   0x000000000040158a <+58>:    nop
   0x000000000040158b <+59>:    nop
   0x000000000040158c <+60>:    nop
   0x000000000040158d <+61>:    nop
   0x000000000040158e <+62>:    nop
   0x000000000040158f <+63>:    nop
End of assembler dump.
(gdb) q

3.Pycharm 调试

• 软件有 run/debug 两种模式
• 断点
  • 在行号附近左键单击即可设置
  • 程序在 debug 模式下，执行到断点所在行就会暂停
• 单步
  • 程序停在断点处后，常用“单步”一步一步调试
  • 除了单步(step over)，还有 step into、step into my code 等

4. 单元测试

• 官方测试文档集合
• PyUnit